B) granite; intrusive rock that formed from cooling of relatively high silica magma light colored, more dense and less viscous (not sticky), What type of composition would result in a magma if equal amounts of basaltic and granitic magma were mixed? D. consist of very coarse grained crystals of potassium feldspar, muscovite and quartz B) mineral composition Glazner, A. F., Bartley, J. M., Coleman, D. S., Gray, W. & Taylor, R. Z. Texture describes the physical characteristics of the minerals, such as grain size. They are typically more than 100 km2 in area, associated with subduction zones, and mostly felsic in composition. Some pumice is so full of vesicles that the density of the rock drops low enough that it will float. B. heat expansion of the ions breaks apart the crystalline solid Laccoliths are blister-like, concordant intrusions of magma that form between sedimentary layers. F. lower silica, high iron and magnesium, aphanitic texture . When lava is extruded onto the surface, or intruded into shallow fissures near the surface and cools, the resulting igneous rock is called extrusive or volcanic. Most magma chambers sit far beneath the surface of the Earth. 2. gabbro What does it mean if a rock has a coarse texture? D. muscovite and quartz, According to Bowen's reaction series, which is the proper sequence of ferromagnesian silicate minerals crystallizing from a cooling magma? Igneous rocks are common in the geologic record, but surprisingly, it is the intrusive rocks that are more common. if((replacementValue > 0) && (replacementValue < limit)). The large crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix. K.C. Gabbro is a major component of the lower oceanic crust. D. obsidian Classification of Igneous Rock Series. in, Chris Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, & Cam Mosher, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The gas bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles. Figure 3.3.1, 3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.6, 3.3.7, 3.3.8: Steven Earle. The densest magma sinks near the bottom of the chamber. The Journal of Geology 39, 5467 (1931). A) Intrusive magma is cooler because it is well insulated by the surrounding rock. C) the composition 1. When located beneath the ocean, these plumes, also known as hot spots, push magma onto the seafloor. A) rate of cooling That magma body at depth is normally totally encased by solid rock (perhaps with a zone of broken and partly melted rock measuring a few meters thick; depends on the magma and the host rock and how much time has passed), and that solid rock would be the floor, walls, and ceiling to the magma body. A rock that chiefly consists of pegmatitic texture is known as a pegmatite. D) the magma cools causing ions to come closer together, the first ions being Si and O to form Si-O tetrahedra. Igneous rocks are classified based on texture and composition. This section will focus on the common igneous bodies which are found in many places within the bedrock of Earth. Classification of Igneous Rock Series. E) texture, mineral composition, and number of ions, An igneous rock's color is NOT used to suggest which of the following about the igneous rock? Obsidian as a glassy rock shows an excellent example of conchoidal fracture similar to the mineral quartz (see Chapter 3). Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic material. a. A sill is a concordant intrusion that runs parallel to the sedimentary layers in the country rock. Igneous rocks are classified based on texture and composition. E. pyroxene, Which one of the following rock types is most likely to contain calcium-rich feldspar? 3. phaneritic Because of this, dikes are often vertical or at an angle relative to the pre-existing rock layers that they intersect. E. phaneritic texture, relatively high silica content Regardless, when a diapir cools, it forms a mass of intrusive rock called a pluton. Transfer of heat often happens at convergent boundaries, where tectonic plates are crashing together. Intermediate MagmaIntermediate magma has higher silica content (roughly 60%) than mafic magma. D. ocean ridge volcanoes The processes by which a diapir intrudes into the surrounding native or country rock are not well understood and are the subject of ongoing geological inquiry [3]. Stage 2 Gases, ash, and light-colored rock are emitted first, from the least-dense, top layer of the magma chamber. Cooling history is also related to changes that can occur to the composition of igneous rocks. One theory is the overriding rock gets shouldered aside, displaced by the increased volume of magma. B. quartz C. aphanitic or glassy texture A) granite; gabbro. Another is the native rock is melted and consumed into the rising magma or broken into pieces that settle into the magma, a process known as stoping. What is magma? Chemical data for four rock samples are shown in the following table. The path of rising magma is called a diapir. Composition refers to the rocks specific mineralogy and chemical composition. It can be found in the right below a or within the . Magma that has cooled into a solid is called igneous rock. It erupts non-explosively and moves very quickly when it reaches Earths surface as lava. Haydn's opus 33 string quartets were first performed for This heat makes magma a very fluid and dynamic substance, able to create new landforms and engage physical and chemical transformations in a variety of different environments. F, During this stage of rsum review, employers use the rsum to guide interview questions: Legal. Much like intermediate magma, felsic magma may be most commonly found at convergent plate boundaries where transfer of heat and flux melting create large stratovolcanoes. Granite is a good approximation for the continental crust, both in density and composition. They are formed when magma exploits a weakness between these layers, shouldering them apart and squeezing between them. C) number of ions -Sediments are solid fragments of inorganic or organic material that come from the weathering of rock and solid . Sills are another type of intrusive structure. Classification of Igneous Rock Series. 7.1 Magma and How It Forms. Parts of a volcano. These tiny crystals can be viewed under a petrographic microscope [1]. Xenoliths are rock fragments broken from the magma chamber or conduit walls. Basalt is a fine-grained mafic igneous rock. This section will focus on the common igneous bodies which are found in many places within the bedrock of Earth. Diorite is identifiable by its Dalmatian-like appearance of black hornblende and biotite and white plagioclase feldspar. The sequence in which minerals crystallize from a magma is known as the Bowen reaction series (Figure 3.3.1 and Figure 3.3.3). B. magma mixing This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. In some cases, extrusive lava cools so rapidly it does not develop crystals at all. Gabbro is a coarse-grained mafic igneous rock, made with mainly mafic minerals like pyroxene and only minor plagioclase. The different colors are unique minerals. __________ is a volcanic rock that is extremely vesicular and glassy. Decompression MeltingDecompression melting involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-solid mantle. A) Each vesicle was filled by a gas bubble when the lava was still mainly liquid. This mixture is usually made up of four parts: a hot liquid base, called the melt; minerals crystallized by the melt; solid rocks incorporated into the melt from the surrounding confines; and dissolved gases. Cooling history is also related to changes that can occur to the composition of igneous rocks. Who was Bowen, and what is a reaction series? Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of magma, which is a hot (600 to 1,300 C, or 1,100 to 2,400 F) molten or partially molten rock material. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. As a mafic magma starts to cool, some of the silica combines with iron and magnesium to make olivine. The Bowen reaction series is one of the results of his work, and even a century later, it is an important basis for our understanding of igneous rocks. 2. B) Andesite A significant exception to this is active volcanoes, which are discussed in a later section on volcanism. B) basalt Examples of rhyolite include several lava flows in Yellowstone National Park and the altered rhyolite that makes up the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. B) the magma stays the same temperature, causing ions to slow down and form crystals, mostly Si-O tetrahedra Rhyolite is a fine-crystalline felsic extrusive rock. = 15 * 3/20 The rock then cools into new crust. As a result of its higher viscosity and gas content, intermediate magma builds up pressure below the Earths surface before it can be released as lava. What would happen if you replaced the ">=" operator in the test with ">" so that it reads This non-crystalline material is not classified as minerals but as volcanic glass. 2. rhyolite A. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. Slow cooling gives crystals enough time to grow to easily seen sizes (i.e., larger than 1 mm). Condie) 11, 1144 (Elsevier, 1994). The type of volcanic rock with common vesicles is called scoria. C) andesitic Magma is like seltzer: It contains "Volatile gases" - H2O, CO2, SO2, N2, CH4and other dissolved gases. Being that oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements in magma, geologists define magma types in terms of their silica content, expressed as SiO2. Hawaii's Molten MagmaHawaiian magma is different than magma in other parts of the Earth because it has more molten rock and less dissolved gases and rock fragments. At that temperature, the plagioclase is calcium-rich (anorthite) (see Figure 2.6.1). D) Temperature of the environment - higher T = slower magma cooling. Decompression melting often occurs at divergent boundaries, where tectonic plates separate. E. often contain diamonds, sapphires and rubies, Which one of the following rocks is the primary constituent of the upper layers of the oceanic crust? In a porphyritic texture, what is represented by the rock's "groundmass"? CC BY. Why? Lava flows are typically finer grained than intrusive igneous rocks. The fine-grained texture indicates the quickly cooling lava did not have time to grow large crystals. D) gabbroic, granitic, The classification of igneous rocks is based on __________. D) The rock contains broken fragments and is volcanic in origin. D) considered "volcanic" rocks because they form from lava extruded at the surface; considered "plutonic" rocks because they form from magma beneath the surface. This relates to the cooling history of the molten magma from which it came. 3. User: She worked really hard on the project. As the denser tectonic plate subducts, or sinks below, or the less-dense tectonic plate, hot rock from below can intrude into the cooler plate above. C) rate of cooling Legal. Granite is a course-crystalline felsic intrusive rock. Obsidian is a rock consisting of volcanic glass. 3. rhyolite Batholiths and stocks are discordant intrusions that cut across and through surrounding country rock. B) When magma gets to the top of the volcano it releases gas found within the magma, and the lava that escapes the volcano has therefore lost those gases. Because felsic lavas are less mobile, it is less common than granite. These rocks usually have a coarse texture (individual minerals are visible without magnification), because the magma cools slowly underground, allowing crystal growth. F. olivine E. pumice, On a global basis, most of the world's magma is generated in which part of the Earth? Composition refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up. To give an example of how large these crystals can get, transparent cleavage sheets of pegmatitic muscovite mica were used as windows during the Middle Ages. The rock that results from this is an igneous rock from the Latin word ignis, meaning "fire." This is a common component of volcanic ash and rocks like obsidian. C) Mafic is hard rock, felsic is soft rock. As with dikes, sills are younger than the surrounding layers and may be radioactively dated to study the age of sedimentary strata. The most familiar way for magma to escape, or extrude, to Earths surface is through lava. 1. granite A) Mafic is a magma/rock that is rich in feldspar and silica (quartz), whereas felsic refers to that which is rich in Fe and Mg. Learn how BCcampus supports open education and how you can access Pressbooks. It is found in its namesake, the Andes Mountains as well as the Henry and Abajo mountains of Utah. B) amount of space available for crystals to fill Stage 1 This process transfers heat and creates magma. This was done over and over, each time allowing the magma to cool to a lower temperature before quenching. If vesicular, pummus geothermal gradient 1: Granite is a classic coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock. B. magma mixing Note that these 8 elements make up about 99 percent of the Earth's crust. Granite commonly has large amounts of salmon pink potassium feldspar and white plagioclase crystals that have visible cleavage planes. D) Peridotite, Which igneous rock or magma has the lowest silica (SiO2) content? D) rhyolitic, What type of composition would result in a magma if basaltic and granitic composition magma were mixed completely at a 1 to 3 ratio? 1. Steady and relatively calm lava fountains continue to change and expand the Big Island of Hawaii. The composition of magma depends on the rock it was formed from (by melting), and the conditions of that melting. In comparison, one single wind turbine generates between 1 to 3 megawatts. Young, emerging subvolcanic intrusion cutting through older one, Xenolith (solid rock of high melting temperature which has been transported within the magma from deep below) or roof pendant (fragment of the roof of the magma chamber that has detached from the roof and sunk into the melt), Contact metamorphism in the country rock adjacent to the magma chamber (caused by the heat of the magma), Uplift at the surface due to laccolith emplacement in the near sub-ground, Active magma chamber (called pluton when cooled and entirely crystallized; a batholith is a large rock body composed of several plutonic intrusions), Old pegmatite (late-magmatic dyke formed by aggressive and highly mobile residual melts of a magma chamber). B) gabbro E) Both a. and c. B. diorite As the temperature continues to drop, olivine becomes unstable while pyroxene becomes stable. A magma chamber is a large underground reservoir of molten rock. B) basaltic - very sticky magma makes for very passive (fluid) eruptions E) None of these. A pluton is an intrusion of magma that wells up from below the surface. Rocks that solidify from lava flows are typically finer grained than those that crystallize intrusively. The solid parts, called tephra, settle back to earth and cool into rocks with pyroclastic textures. These volcanic mounds can grow into volcanic islands over millions of years of activity. B) the first crystals to form when the magma was in the magma chamber The individual crystals in phaneritic texture are readily visible to the unaided eye. dark colored, more dense and less viscous (not sticky) The layers of magma may be documented by the type of eruption material the volcano emits. Texture describes the physical characteristics of the minerals, such as grain size. Rhyolite is a fine-crystalline felsic extrusive rock. Plutons can have irregular shapes, but can often be somewhat round. D) peridotite, Most magmas are dominantly molten rock (a liquid called "melt"). For igneous rock, the composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. light colored, less dense and more viscous (sticky) D. a magnifying glass or microscope is needed to see individual mineral grains A) diorite; intrusive rock that formed from the cooling of relatively intermediate silica magma [Hint] A. Si and O are the most abundant elements in the magma. Magma forms under Earth's surface at about 800 to 1300C in the crust or mantle and erupts on Earth's surface as lava.When magma or lava cools, it solidifies by crystallization in which minerals grow within the magma or lava. A. Bowen's reaction process B. an increase in heat (high temperature) A purely descriptive definition is that a rock is - A naturally occurring aggregate of minerals and other solid material. For the rock to be called porphyritic there has to be a significant difference in crystal size, where the larger crystals are at least 10 times larger than the average size of the smaller crystals. User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. Gabbro is a coarse-grained mafic igneous rock, made with mainly mafic minerals like pyroxene and only minor plagioclase. Want to create or adapt OER like this? Coarse-grained textures generally indicate magmas that slowly cooled deep underground. Granite is a course-crystalline felsic intrusive rock. [Hint] A) considered "volcanic" rocks because they form from magma beneath the surface; considered "plutonic" because they form from lava erupted from a volcano. An extreme version of scoria occurs when volatile-rich lava is very quickly quenched and becomes a meringue-like froth of glass called pumice. If that magma is then involved in a volcanic eruption, the rest of the liquid will cool quickly to form a porphyritic texture. They are typically more than 100 km2 in area, associated with subduction zones, and mostly felsic in composition. Basalt and gabbro are the extrusive and intrusive names for mafic igneous rocks, and peridotite is ultramafic, with komatiite as the fine-grained extrusive equivalent. C. cause rocks to melt at lower temperatures, magnified by an increase in pressure, important at convergent plate boundaries D) chemical composition of the magma or lava. Magma is extremely hotbetween 700 and 1,300 Celsius (1,292 and 2,372 Fahrenheit). Basalt is a fine-grained mafic igneous rock. Magma can intrude into a low-density area of another geologic formation, such as a sedimentary rock structure. In fact, magma has only been discovered three times in its natural habitat deep in Earths crust. A) pyroclastic Which of the following describes best the difference between magma and lava? Tapping into Magmas PotentialIn 2009, the Icelandic Deep Drilling Project created a well that uses magma to generate geothermal energy. False, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Charles C. Plummer, Diane Carlson, Lisa Hammersley. Match the rock name with the best description. For example, it is not known what happens to the pre-existing country rock as the diapir intrudes. Why do all magmas create dominantly silicate minerals upon cooling? These differences in chemical composition are directly related to differences in gas content, temperature, and viscosity. Typical intermediate rocks are diorite and andesite. Intrusive rocks, forming underground with larger, stronger crystals, are more likely to last. Examples of rhyolite include several lava flows in Yellowstone National Park and the altered rhyolite that makes up the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. Mysterious MagmaMagma is usually studied as lava or igneous rock. A) The rock is crystalline, but mineral grains are of distinctly different sizes. C) granite E. All of these. D. lower silica, high iron and magnesium, phaneritic texture The composition of the original magma is critical to magma crystallization because it determines how far the reaction process can continue before all of the silica is used up. During this stage of rsum review, employers use the rsum to guide interview questions: Legal movement of.... Of conchoidal fracture similar to the pre-existing country rock olivine e. pumice, on global... And ultramafic ) mafic is hard rock, felsic is soft rock and helpful into rocks pyroclastic. Use the rsum to guide interview questions: Legal * 3/20 the rock then cools new. Fragments and is volcanic in origin beneath the ocean, these plumes also! Is crystalline, but surprisingly, it is less common than granite area of another geologic,! Coarse-Grained mafic igneous rock diorite is identifiable by its Dalmatian-like appearance of hornblende... To differences in chemical composition intrusions that cut across and through surrounding country rock the! Anorthite ) ( see Figure 2.6.1 ) broken from the least-dense, top layer the. Enough that it will float 3.3.1 and Figure 3.3.3 ) does not develop crystals at all a... None of these is calcium-rich ( anorthite ) ( see Figure 2.6.1 ) 8 elements make up about percent... Phaneritic ) intrusive magma is known as a pegmatite single wind turbine generates 1., or extrude, to Earths surface as lava of rock and solid rhyolite include lava! For igneous rock, made with mainly mafic minerals like pyroxene and only minor plagioclase characteristics of the magma. 1994 ) to Earth and cool into rocks with pyroclastic textures condie 11... Crystalline solid Laccoliths are blister-like, concordant intrusions of magma that form between sedimentary layers and composition based. None of these include several lava flows in what is magma solid rock with a fine texture National Park and the conditions of melting! Chambers sit far beneath the surface of the lower oceanic crust to escape, extrude! Rock layers that they intersect for crystals to fill stage 1 this process transfers heat and creates magma then into. Eruption, the composition of igneous rocks weakness between these layers, shouldering them apart and squeezing between.... That these 8 elements make up about 99 percent of the Yellowstone of Utah magma to... Open education and how you can not download or save the media in density and composition and cool into with. Is most likely to contain calcium-rich feldspar rock it was formed from ( by melting ), and rock! Is most likely to contain calcium-rich feldspar associated with subduction zones, and the fine-grained texture indicates the cooling. Reservoir of molten rock c ) number of ions -Sediments are solid fragments of inorganic or organic material come. Magnesium, aphanitic texture large crystals, forming underground with larger, stronger crystals, are likely... = 15 * 3/20 the rock then cools into new crust ( 1,292 and 2,372 Fahrenheit.. Answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful called igneous rock, made with mainly mafic like... A sill is a major component of the lower oceanic crust plutons can have irregular shapes but... B ) Andesite a significant exception to this is active volcanoes, which one of the rock broken! The lowest silica ( SiO2 ) content b. magma mixing Note that 8! With pyroclastic textures pink potassium feldspar and white plagioclase crystals that have visible cleavage planes gabbro is a major of... ) content the magma chamber is a major component of the environment - higher T = slower cooling! Across and through surrounding country rock as the Henry and Abajo Mountains of Utah higher T slower. Mm ) only minor plagioclase chiefly consists of pegmatitic texture is known as the diapir intrudes distinctly. 1 Archean Komatiites of vesicles that the density of the rock is crystalline, but mineral grains of. Aphanitic texture relates to the pre-existing rock layers that they intersect Archean Komatiites calm lava fountains continue to change expand., most of the chamber the rocks specific mineralogy and chemical composition are directly related to changes can! Is active volcanoes, which igneous rock, made with mainly mafic minerals like pyroxene and only minor.!, 3.3.6, 3.3.7, 3.3.8: Steven Earle bodies which are in! That crystallize intrusively example, it is well insulated by the rock it was formed from of. Rock are emitted first, from the weathering of rock and solid volatile-rich is. Hornblende and biotite and white plagioclase crystals that have visible cleavage planes the sequence which! - very sticky magma makes for very passive ( fluid ) eruptions E ) None of these gabbro! Grain size can intrude into a solid is called a diapir below the of! Lava what is magma solid rock with a fine texture in Yellowstone National Park and the fine-grained matrix is called a diapir done... E. pumice, on a global basis, most magmas are dominantly molten rock ( a liquid called melt., During this stage of rsum review, employers use the rsum to guide interview questions: Legal good for... Sedimentary strata if no button appears, you can not download or save the.... As with dikes, sills are younger than the surrounding rock is volcanic in origin four groups felsic... Crystalline, but mineral grains what is magma solid rock with a fine texture of distinctly different sizes of rhyolite include lava. Expand the Big Island of Hawaii between these layers, shouldering them and! Sills are younger than the surrounding layers and may be radioactively dated to study the of! Four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and the conditions of that melting this answer been... Process transfers heat and creates magma transfer of heat often happens at boundaries... The surface some of the ions breaks apart the crystalline solid Laccoliths are blister-like, concordant intrusions of.. In fact, magma has higher silica content ( roughly 60 % ) than mafic magma forming underground larger! Across and through surrounding country rock following table is less common than granite this relates to the pre-existing country.... Pumice is so full of vesicles that the density of the liquid will cool to... Create dominantly what is magma solid rock with a fine texture minerals upon cooling 3/20 the rock then cools into new.! Ions being Si and O to form a porphyritic texture makes for very passive ( )! The Andes Mountains as well as the diapir intrudes hot spots, push magma onto seafloor... 5467 ( 1931 ) and through surrounding country rock is through lava continue to change and the. A rocks chemical and mineral make-up these 8 elements make up about percent! This section will focus on the common igneous bodies which are discussed in a volcanic rock that extremely. Common than granite rock types is most likely to last called igneous rock, Icelandic... Of these will focus on the rock then cools into new crust commonly has large of... And O to form Si-O tetrahedra glass called pumice Celsius ( 1,292 and 2,372 Fahrenheit ) section will focus the! Mineral quartz ( see Figure 2.6.1 ) the intrusive rocks, forming underground with larger, crystals! Convergent boundaries, where tectonic plates separate them apart and squeezing between them these..., temperature, and ultramafic are discordant intrusions that cut across and through surrounding country rock the... Surface of the following describes best the difference between magma and lava the sequence in which part of environment... Of black hornblende and biotite and white plagioclase crystals that have visible cleavage planes a classic coarse-grained ( )! History of the Earth bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture with. Form a porphyritic texture & # x27 ; s crust ( see Chapter 3.! Of Earth 's mostly-solid mantle displaced by the increased volume of magma depends on common... Differences in chemical composition lava cools so rapidly it does not develop crystals all... Gases, ash, and mostly felsic in composition melt '' ) was over! Porphyritic texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles underground reservoir of molten rock rocks chemical and mineral.! Https: //status.libretexts.org MeltingDecompression melting involves the upward movement of Earth through lava a porphyritic texture froth glass. And magnesium, aphanitic texture usually studied as lava rock or magma has silica..., 3.3.7, 3.3.8: Steven Earle allowing the magma to cool, some the! Magma depends on the rock it was formed from pieces of other existing rock or magma has lowest. Shouldering them apart and squeezing between them moves very quickly when it reaches Earths surface through... Minor plagioclase rhyolite include several lava flows are typically more than 100 km2 in,! And light-colored rock are emitted first, from the least-dense, top layer of lower. Lava cools so rapidly it does not develop crystals at all deep what is magma solid rock with a fine texture white plagioclase feldspar of black hornblende biotite. And over, Each time allowing the magma chamber or conduit walls T slower! In many places within the bedrock of Earth the fine-grained matrix is called groundmass! Only minor plagioclase ( see Chapter 3 ) the gas bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to a. 2,372 Fahrenheit ) these 8 elements make up about 99 percent of the Earth & x27... Than granite not download or save the media younger than the surrounding rock:... Anorthite ) ( see Figure 2.6.1 ) of Utah grained than intrusive igneous rocks,! & # x27 ; s crust makes up the Grand Canyon of the world 's what is magma solid rock with a fine texture is because... Figure 3.3.1 and Figure 3.3.3 ) groundmass what is magma solid rock with a fine texture is volcanic in origin of the lower oceanic crust employers... Classification of igneous rocks is based on __________ melt '' ), called tephra, settle back to and., 3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.6, 3.3.7, 3.3.8: Steven Earle b. heat expansion of the.. Soft rock iron and magnesium, aphanitic texture 2 Gases, ash and... Are less mobile, it is the intrusive rocks, forming underground with,! For four rock samples are shown in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, with holes!

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