Trident., sess. In dorm. (1) Cfr. In other words, the College is not always "fully active [in actu pleno]"; rather, it acts as a college in the strict sense only from time to time and only with the consent of its head. 4, 3: PL 54, 151 A. (15) Conc. SS, 24: Hartel, p. 642, line. 645 et 739. 2288 (3808).S. 44, 2; ed. (13) Cfr. 2, 3: cd. Let them confidently assign duties to them in the service of the Church, allowing them freedom and room for action. 56, 3: Hartel, 111 B, p. 650; Bayard, p.154. Summary - Lumen Gentium as an Ecumenical document. 72, a. (32) The true vine is Christ who gives life and the power to bear abundant fruit to the branches, that is, to us, who through the Church remain in Christ without whom we can do nothing. Vat. 2. It is through the sacraments and the exercise of the virtues that the sacred nature and organic structure of the priestly community is brought into operation. Mt. 64. The reason for this was and is that perfect continency for the love of God is an incentive to charity, and is certainly a particular source of spiritual fecundity in the world. Cod. Four Major Constitutions - Print versions at UST But while in the most holy Virgin the Church has already reached that perfection whereby she is without spot or wrinkle, the followers of Christ still strive to increase in holiness by conquering sin. Since this is so, the religious state, whose purpose is to free its members from earthly cares, more fully manifests to all believers the presence of heavenly goods already possessed here below. Alloc. 44, 7: PG SS, 193. "(7*) Comparing Mary with Eve, they call her "the Mother of the living,"(8*) and still more often they say: "death through Eve, life through Mary. (6) Cfr. Trid., Sess. (19*) By her belief and obedience, not knowing man but overshadowed by the Holy Spirit, as the new Eve she brought forth on earth the very Son of the Father, showing an undefiled faith, not in the word of the ancient serpent, but in that of God's messenger. III, Const. luris pro Eccl. The central purpose of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) is "to unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and to the whole world its own inner nature and universal . nota adiecta ad Schema I de Eccl. They will accomplish this by their constancy in prayer, by their burning love, and by their unremitting recollection of whatever is true, just and of good repute. 17-33; The religious state clearly manifests that the Kingdom of God and its needs, in a very special way, are raised above all earthly considerations. (44*), But when either the Roman Pontiff or the Body of Bishops together with him defines a judgment, they pronounce it in accordance with Revelation itself, which all are obliged to abide by and be in conformity with, that is, the Revelation which as written or orally handed down is transmitted in its entirety through the legitimate succession of bishops and especially in care of the Roman Pontiff himself, and which under the guiding light of the Spirit of truth is religiously preserved and faithfully expounded in the Church. VIII: The Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, in the Mys tery of Christ & of the Church (52-69) -Preface (52-54) a. Mary's relation to Christ in the divine plan of redemptive Incarnation (52) 1) God revealed that to save us He sent His Son "born of a woman" (Gal 4:4f) Thus, the Church, although it needs human resources to carry out its mission, is not set up to seek earthly glory, but to proclaim, even by its own example, humility and self-sacrifice. V. Mary the sign of created hope and solace to the wandering people of God. But the faithful, in virtue of their royal priesthood, join in the offering of the Eucharist. S. Cyprianus, Epist. John the Evangelist says of Him: "Through him was life, and this life was the light of the human race" (Jn 1:4). (191) Therefore, the chosen People of God is one: "one Lord, one faith, one baptism"(192); sharing a common dignity as members from their regeneration in Christ, having the same filial grace and the same vocation to perfection; possessing in common one salvation, one hope and one undivided charity. 27-30, Episcopo tribuitur primatus sacerdotii. But, the society structured with hierarchical organs and the Mystical Body of Christ, are not to be considered as two realities, nor are the visible assembly and the spiritual community, nor the earthly Church and the Church enriched with heavenly things; rather they form one complex reality which coalesces from a divine and a human element. "For just as in one body we have many members, yet all the members have not the same function, so we, the many, are one body in Christ, but severally members one of another". 497 et 503. 2: PL 92, 330. (116), 13. I, Const. Everything that has been said above concerning the People of God is intended for the laity, religious and clergy alike. Act 6, 2-6; 11, 30; 13, 1, 14, 23; 20, 17; 1 Thess. (8*) Thus, as St. Irenaeus testifies, through those who were appointed bishops by the apostles, and through their successors down in our own time, the apostolic tradition is manifested (9*) and preserved. Lumen Gentium (Light of the nations) was promulgated by Pope Paul V. With it He set up a covenant. Therefore, since they are tightly bound up in all types of temporal affairs it is their special task to order and to throw light upon these affairs in such a way that they may come into being and then continually increase according to Christ to the praise of the Creator and the Redeemer. Mediati Dei: AAS 39 (1947) pp. : in Prof. fidei Trid., 1. c. et Concl. Funk, I, p. 216. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to every creature,(1) to bring the light of Christ to all people, a light brightly visible on the countenance of the Church. St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when he says: "What I am for you terrifies me; what I am with you consoles me. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 117. 966 (1776). (162) And that duty, which the Lord committed to the shepherds of His people, is a true service, which in sacred literature is significantly called "diakonia" or ministry. (14*) Therefore, the Sacred Council teaches that bishops by divine institution have succeeded to the place of the apostles, (15*) as shepherds of the Church, and he who hears them, hears Christ, and he who rejects them, rejects Christ and Him who sent Christ. 1894; AAS 26 (1893-94) p. 707. (10*), Bishops, therefore, with their helpers, the priests and deacons, have taken up the service of the community, (11*) presiding in place of God over the flock,(12*) whose shepherds they are, as teachers for doctrine, priests for sacred worship, and ministers for governing. This must be admitted of necessity so that the fullness of power belonging to the Roman Pontiff is not called into question. (18) S. Ambrosius, Expos. 16. : Denz. (215) However, this holiness of the Church is unceasingly manifested, and must be manifested, in the fruits of grace which the Spirit produces in the faithful; it is expressed in many ways in individuals, who in their walk of life, tend toward the perfection of charity, thus causing the edification of others; in a very special way this (holiness) appears in the practice of the counsels, customarily called "evangelical." For, as St. Irenaeus says, she "being obedient, became the cause of salvation for herself and for the whole human race. Lumen Gentium Summary Understanding what the Church is helps us understanding role & mission of Church Church as sign & instrument of God Fellowship or communion as Church reflects communion or fellowship found within the Trinity ALL are called to holiness, with Mary as example of response to this call Lumen Gentiumlays ground work for (16) Breviarium Romanum, Invitatorium infesto Sanctorum Omnium. Adiutricem populi, 5 sept. 1895: ASS 15 (1895-96), p. 303. Didache, 15, 1: ib., p. 32. 8, a. Deiparae: PG 98, 321 BC. 5, ad 1. S Augustinus, Serm. Hom. question is Lumen gentium 16.4 There are two other Vatican II texts that deal with this question Jesus' teaching being followed in light of the impending judgment and separation of those who are on very different paths. The Church does not hesitate to profess this subordinate role of Mary. (13) S. Clem. Every person must walk unhesitatingly according to his own personal gifts and duties in the path of living faith, which arouses hope and works through charity. From all this it follows that if one member endures anything, all the members co-endure it, and if one member is honored, all the members together rejoice.(59). (25*) For when Christ shall appear and the glorious resurrection of the dead will take place, the glory of God will light up the heavenly City and the Lamb will be the lamp thereof. 73, a. CSEL (Hartcl), III B p. 720. Conc. Nat., 1: col. 812 A. Hom. Conc. Lumen Gentium 16 Anonymous Christians, Pelagianism, and Islam Early Modern Catholic Reform and the Synod of Pistoia Shaun London Blanchard Marquette University Lumen Gentium Presentation Notes: 1 of 3 The Holy See Catholic Church' Subsists in the 'Catholic Church' 21. Magnificate Dominum, 2 nov. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) p. 669. (30*) The individual bishops, however, are the visible principle and foundation of unity in their particular churches, (31*) fashioned after the model of the universal Church, in and from which churches comes into being the one and only Catholic Church. Inst. V, 28, 39; PL 43, 197: Certe manifestum est, id quod dicitur, in Ecdesia intus et foris, in corde, non in corpore cogitandum. Alloc. For where Christianity pervades the entire mode of family life, and gradually transforms it, one will find there both the practice and an excellent school of the lay apostolate. S. Cyprianus, Epist. (52) Really partaking of the body of the Lord in the breaking of the Eucharistic bread, we are taken up into communion with Him and with one another. 960 (1767) . 3 Denz. S. Io. 44, a. p. 212.-| Conc. The eternal Father, by a free and hidden plan of His own wisdom and goodness, created the whole world. (11*) In the lives of those who, sharing in our humanity, are however more perfectly transformed into the image of Christ,(275) God vividly manifests His presence and His face to men. Pius XII, Alloc. Their praise lives on in the Church of God. Sacramentarium Gregorianum: PL 78, 160 B.Vel C. Mohlberg, Liber Sactamentorum romanae ecclesiae, Romao 195O, p. 111, XC:.Deus, qui ex omni coaptacione sanctorum aeternum tibi condis habitaculum.. Hymnus Urbs Ierusalem beata in Breviario monastico, et Coclest urbs Ierusalem in Breviario Romano. (261) Reckoning therefore that "the sufferings of the present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory to come that will be revealed in us",(262) strong in faith we look for the "blessed hope and the glorious coming of our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ"(263) "who will refashion the body of our lowliness, conforming it to the body of His glory(264), and who will come "to be glorified in His saints and to be marveled at in all those who have believed"(265). 7, 7: PG S7, 8 I s. 5. 20-21. S. Io. Relatio Zinelli: Mand 1 2, 1114 D. (61) Cfr. Vat. Annus sacer, 1. c., p. 28. Sedes Sapientiae, 31 maii 19S6: AAS 48 (1956) p. 355. S. Gregorius M., Moral, IV, 7, 12: PL 75, 643 C. Ps.Basilius, In Is. At all times and in every race God has given welcome to whosoever fears Him and does what is right. As St. Ambrose taught, the Mother of God is a type of the Church in the order of faith, charity and perfect union with Christ. The classes and duties of life are many, but holiness is onethat sanctity which is cultivated by all who are moved by the Spirit of God, and who obey the voice of the Father and worship God the Father in spirit and in truth. Moreover, let the laity also by their combined efforts remedy the customs and conditions of the world, if they are an inducement to sin, so that they all may be conformed to the norms of justice and may favor the practice of virtue rather than hinder it. But since it has pleased God not to manifest solemnly the mystery of the salvation of the human race before He would pour forth the Spirit promised by Christ, we see the apostles before the day of Pentecost "persevering with one mind in prayer with the women and Mary the Mother of Jesus, and with His brethren",(296) and Mary by her prayers imploring the gift of the Spirit, who had already overshadowed her in the Annunciation. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950: AAS 43(1951) p. 28 8. (34) The Lord Himself compared Himself to the stone which the builders rejected, but which was made into the cornerstone. They live in the ordinary circumstances of family and social life, from which the very web of their existence is woven. By this same sacramental grace, they are given the courage necessary to lay down their lives for their sheep, and the ability of promoting greater holiness in the Church by their daily example, having become a pattern for their flock.(224). It is not only through the sacraments and the ministries of the Church that the Holy Spirit sanctifies and leads the people of God and enriches it with virtues, but, "allotting his gifts to everyone according as He wills,(114) He distributes special graces among the faithful of every rank. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp 219-220; Denz. (291) In the course of her Son's preaching she received the words whereby in extolling a kingdom beyond the calculations and bonds of flesh and blood, He declared blessed(292) those who heard and kept the word of God, as she was faithfully doing. Encycl. For this reason it is clearly stated that hierarchical communion with the head and members of the church is required. 124. (9) Cfr. Encycl. in dorm. (23*) Following the study of Sacred Scripture, the Holy Fathers, the doctors and liturgy of the Church, and under the guidance of the Church's magisterium, let them rightly illustrate the duties and privileges of the Blessed Virgin which always look to Christ, the source of all truth, sanctity and piety. Christ is the light of nations. Moreover, within the Church particular Churches hold a rightful place; these Churches retain their own traditions, without in any way opposing the primacy of the Chair of Peter, which presides over the whole assembly of charity (11*) and protects legitimate differences, while at the same time assuring that such differences do not hinder unity but rather contribute toward it. Pius XII, Litt. Constantinopolitanum II, ib. Oct 1958 John 23rd elected Pope Jan 1959 John 23 summoned council 1960 John 23rd 1961 died June 3rd 1963 Oct - Dec Opening of the Council Paul 6th became 1962 Pope June 23rd 1963 Oct - Dec Second session 1963 Oct - Dec Third session 1964 Oct - Dec Fourth session 1965 S. Iustinus, Dial. (40) John contemplates this holy city coming down from heaven at the renewal of the world as a bride made ready and adorned for her husband. 48, 2: Hartel, III, 2, p. 610. 16 Cf. Lateranense anni 649, Can. Pius XII, Alloc. dogm. : PL S4, 7S9. 1898: ASS 31 (1898-99) p. 11. 2, 4: PG 62, 612: Saccrdos est symbolon . Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution On the Church, 1964. S. Io. 1828 ( 3061) . In matters of faith and morals, the bishops speak in the name of Christ and the faithful are to accept their teaching and adhere to it with a religious assent. Munificensissimus, 1 no. Apost. Rev. The Church, or, in other words, the kingdom of Christ now present in mystery, grows visibly through the power of God in the world. It also aids by its vigilant and safeguarding authority those institutes variously established for the building up of Christ's Body in order that these same institutes may grow and flourish according to the spirit of the founders. Pius XI, Litt. When it is looked at in this way, she is already prophetically foreshadowed in the promise of victory over the serpent which was given to our first parents after their fall into sin. 199-200. Deiparae: PG 86 (2), 3277-3312. The pope promulgated the document on November 21, 1964, during the third year of the council. Clearly from earliest times the Blessed Virgin is honored under the title of Mother of God, under whose protection the faithful took refuge in all their dangers and necessities. The faithful of Christ bind themselves to the three aforesaid counsels either by vows, or by other sacred bonds, which are like vows in their purpose. Christ, whom the Father has sanctified and sent into the world, (176) has through His apostles, made their successors, the bishops, partakers of His consecration and His mission. "College" is not understood in a strictly juridical sense, that is as a group of equals who entrust their power to their president, but as a stable group whose structure and authority must be learned from Revelation. Benedictus XV, Decretum approbationis virtutum in Causa beatificationis et canonizationis Servi Dei Ioannis Nepomuecni Neumann: AAS 14 (1922 p. 23; plures Allocutiones Pii X de Sanetis: Inviti all'croismo Diseorsi t. I-III, Romae 1941-1942, passim; Pius XII, Discorsi Radiomessagi, t. 10, 1949, pp 37-43. (22) Before all things, however, the Kingdom is clearly visible in the very Person of Christ, the Son of God and the Son of Man, who came "to serve and to give His life as a ransom for many:"(23). (24*), For all of us, who are sons of God and constitute one family in Christ,(279) as long as we remain in communion with one another in mutual charity and in one praise of the most holy Trinity, are corresponding with the intimate vocation of the Church and partaking in foretaste the liturgy of consummate glory. 16:15; Lk. (49) Cfr. Therefore, from divine choice the laity have Christ for their brothers who though He is the Lord of all, came not to be served but to serve. 17. (8) Cfr. Mediator Dei, 20 nov. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 555. Lumen Gentium begins with the Church as mystery (rather than the Church's hierarchical structures and government as did the documents of Vatican Council I) that is, the "paradoxical union of the human and divine." The Church exists in the here and now, yet has a goal "beyond history" when God will be all in all (1 Cor. (4) Cfr. S. Bonaventura, Opusc. 12: PG 96, 1358 D. (5) Cfr. In this temporal service, they will manifest to all men the love with which God loved the world. Offici, 24 apr. (43) Cfr. Assignatos sibi greges singuli singulos Christi nomine pascunt et regunt. 3. Lumen gentium 16 fits into a totally different context. : PG 48, 533 u. 940 (1743). Pius XII, Alloc. They are, by reason of the knowledge, competence or outstanding ability which they may enjoy, permitted and sometimes even obliged to express their opinion on those things which concern the good of the Church (7*). Encycl. This same state of life is accurately exemplified and perpetually made present in the Church. Jn. Pius XI, Litt. Is 7:14; cf. They also know that they were not ordained by Christ to take upon themselves alone the entire salvific mission of the Church toward the world. The major Marian teaching of Vatican II, Lumen Gentium, chapter 8 does not stand alone.It has to be studied in terms of the counciliar action and documents that preceded and followed it. Miserentissimus Redemptor, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 171 s. Pius XII Alloc. 13: . According to the encyclical, the Church has two aspects, a visible and an invisible dimension. Encycl. 22: Denz. 16 January 2005. (62*) They have legitimately handed on to different individuals in the Church various degrees of participation in this ministry. Tridentinum, Sess. Those who approach the sacrament of Penance obtain pardon from the mercy of God for the offence committed against Him and are at the same time reconciled with the Church, which they have wounded by their sins, and which by charity, example, and prayer seeks their conversion. (24) Cfr. Besides this apostolate which certainly pertains to all Christians, the laity can also be called in various ways to a more direct form of cooperation in the apostolate of the Hierarchy (3*). (54*) For "the partaking of the body and blood of Christ does nothing other than make us be transformed into that which we consume". (10) Cfr. Over the course of history, by reason of the fact that the Church is a mystery, scholars have used Scriptural images such as the mystical body, sheepfold and cultivated field, as a means . Modus 57. Christ, present to us in His Body, which is the Church, is the one Mediator and the unique way of salvation. 18, 1-2, ad Conc. 2; etc. 63. Apost. Encycl. It is true that those in holy orders can at times be engaged in secular activities, and even have a secular profession. And there belong to or are related to it in various ways, the Catholic faithful, all who believe in Christ, and indeed the whole of mankind, for all men are called by the grace of God to salvation. Anastasius Antioch., Serm. Finally, she was given by the same Christ Jesus dying on the cross as a mother to His disciple with these words: "Woman, behold thy son". (40*) This is even more clearly verified when, gathered together in an ecumenical council, they are teachers and judges of faith and morals for the universal Church, whose definitions must be adhered to with the submission of faith. 23, cap. Since the Church, in Christ, is in the nature of Encycl. (4) Cfr. S. Thomas Summa Theol. Having set forth the functions of the hierarchy, the Sacred Council gladly turns its attention. Consequently, even when preoccupied with temporal cares, the laity can and must perform a work of great value for the evangelization of the world. And this also is important, that by governing well their own church as a portion of the universal Church, they themselves are effectively contributing to the welfare of the whole Mystical Body, which is also the body of the churches.(34*). 5. Christ proposed to His disciples this form of life, which He, as the Son of God, accepted in entering this world to do the will of the Father. III, q. Cf. Cfr. Eccl. Cf. They ought to fulfill this duty in such a way that it will be the principal means also of their own sanctification. Dedicated to duties of charity and of administration, let deacons be mindful of the admonition of Blessed Polycarp: "Be merciful, diligent, walking according to the truth of the Lord, who became the servant of all."(75*). Is woven hidden plan of His own wisdom and goodness, created the world. 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