A spill would have been devastating to the farms, ranches, and communities that depend on these crucial ecosystems. They tried to cover this by making up such. The United States' decision to buy less oil from Venezuela is the key reason the. At present, the refineries are dependent on heavy crude from Venezuela,[citation needed] including crude from Venezuela's own massive Orinoco oil sands. ", "4.14: Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change", "Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Keystone XL Project, 5.3: Comparison of Alternatives", "Keystone XL Pipeline Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement", "EPA slams Keystone for 'significant' emissions and climate change impact", "EPA: Keystone XL Pipeline Will Impact Global Warming US News", "House Passes Keystone Bill Despite Obama's Opposition", "TransCanada Rebuts EPA Comments on Keystone XL Pipeline", Continued Support for Keystone XL Pipeline, "Americans favor Keystone XL pipeline, 2011-03-22", 56% See Keystone XL Pipeline As Good for the Economy, Public approves of Keystone pipeline project, "Enbridge Plans to Reverse Pipe Between Cushing and Houston", "Enterprise, Enbridge Propose Keystone Pipeline Alternative", "Seaway pipeline sends oil to Texas in historic reversal", "More Pipelines Needed to Follow Seaway's Path", "Keystone pipeline: TransCanada to Shorten Route and Bypass Federal Review", "Obama's Speedy Keystone Review Won't Accelerate Cushing Pipe", Alaska watches Canadians consider shipping tar sands oil across Arctic Ocean, "Enbridge Sees One-Year Delay in U.S. Approval for Cross-Border Oil Pipeline", "Independent refiner CVR sues TransCanada's Keystone Pipeline", "NRDC's Suit to Block Canada-US Oil Pipeline Thrown Out", "Enviros Sue to Stop Keystone Pipeline Project", TransCanada to launch NAFTA claim over Keystone rejection, "Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues", "Oil Sands and the Keystone XL Pipeline: Background and Selected Environmental Issues", "Keystone XL: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessments in the Final Environmental Impact Statement", "Presidential Permits for Border Crossing Energy Facilities", "Keystone XL Pipeline: Recent Developments", 2012 Presidential Permit application documents, 2017 Presidential Permit application documents, Interactive maps of Keystone XL route from Canadian border to Texas Gulf Coast, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Pipeline&oldid=1141581218, "While TransCanada estimates that the Keystone XL will have 11 significant spills, defined as more than 50 barrels (8m, "Analysis of the time needed to shut down the pipeline shows that response to a leak at a river crossing could conservatively take more than ten times longer than the 11 minutes and 30 seconds that TransCanada assumes. The . [143] Project opponents panned the study on its release, calling it a "deeply flawed analysis". [33], In October 2007, the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada asked the Canadian federal government to block regulatory approvals for the pipeline, with union president Dave Coles stating "the Keystone pipeline will exclusively serve US markets, create a permanent employment for very few Canadians, reduce our energy security, and hinder investment and job creation in the Canadian energy sector". Republicans delayed delivering the bill over the Presidents Day holiday weekend to ensure Congress would be in session if the president were to veto the bill. Complicating matters, leaks can be difficult to detect. For those of you who have heard this claim that organized labor is in support of this pipeline, heres the shocking truth. [8][9][10][11] It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas, and also to oil tank farms and an oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing, Oklahoma. Its a pipeline through America, and it threatens to be a disaster for us if it leaks poisons on the way. Leading scientists and economists came out in opposition to the project, in addition to unions and world leaders such as the Dalai Lama, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and former president Jimmy Carter (together, these and other Nobel laureates have written letters against the project). [68] An Angus Reed Institute poll published that week showed that 48% of Canadians supported the revival of the Keystone XL pipeline project. Cushing is a major crude oil marketing/refining and pipeline hub. There is a long history of opposition to colonialism by indigenous people. As per the analysis report conducted by Cornell Universitys Global Labor Institute, these job claims are nothing but mere fabrications. The other jobs will be temporary and limited to the projects duration. [185][187][137], By August 11, there were over 1000nonviolent arrests at the White House. [201] Opponents claim that TransCanada applied to the U.S. government to use thinner steel and pump at higher pressures than normal. [44][45] [168] After completion of the Keystone XL line, oil pipelines to the U.S. may run nearly half-empty. It also states that the project will increase the heavy crude oil price in the Midwestern United States by diverting oil sands oil from the Midwest refineries to the Gulf Coast and export markets. In contrast, the President of the Rosebud Sioux Nation, Cyril Scott, has stated that the November 14, 2014, vote in favor of the Keystone XL pipeline in the U.S. House of Representatives is an "act of war", declaring: We are outraged at the lack of intergovernmental cooperation. But then the Trump administration would do something to undercut us outside of court. The administration also attempted to issue other permits for the project, all based on flawed environmental analyses, eventually prompting more lawsuits, including two from NRDC and its allies. [72][73] The State Department issued a new Record of Decision on the same factual record as before but now finding that granting the permit to be in the national interest. This Keystone XL project will bring oil from Canadas oil sands to Gulf Coast in Texas. [190][191] On October 31, 2012, Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein was arrested in Texas for criminal trespass after trying to deliver food and supplies to the Keystone XL protesters. [7] An evacuation order was not ordered. "All U.S. The suit alleges that, contrary to the federal Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. TC Energy confirmed that there had been a release of oil into a creek located in Washington County, Kansas, 20 miles to the south of Steele City, Nebraska. [111], On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion, whereupon TC Energy suspended their NAFTA Chapter 11 action. [62] The Senate was unable to override the veto by a two-thirds majority, with a 6237 vote. [148], Canadian Ambassador Doer observes that Obama's "choice is to have it come down by a pipeline that he approves, or without his approval, it comes down on trains". However, people, environmental activities, and organizations working on climate change strongly oppose this project. [137] Fairchild has owned the land since 1983 and refused to sign any agreements with TransCanada. US oil prices rose about 4% the following day following news of the leak and shutdown. [216], In May 2013 Republicans in the House of Representatives defended the Northern Route Approval Act, which would allow for congressional approval of the pipeline, on the grounds that the pipeline created jobs and energy independence. While American Petroleum Institute has stated that this project will create jobs for over half a million American people, the truth is these are all false claims. [30], The original Keystone Pipeline cost US$5.2billion. [70][73], In May 2019, TransCanada Corporation changed its name to TC Energy Corporation, as its business extends into the United States,[80] Mexico, as well as Canada where it has pipelines, power generation and energy storage operations. Construction of Phase III, from Cushing, Oklahoma, to Nederland, Texas, in the Gulf Coast area, began in August 2012 as an independent economic utility. [61] On February 11, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the House of Representatives with the proposed Senate Amendments 270152. [254], In a February 2015, the US EPA responded to the U.S. Department of State's Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (Final SEIS) for the Keystone XL Pipeline Project,[255] that the pipeline will significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions because it will lead to the expansion of Alberta's carbon-intensive oilsands. [219] The review by the State Department is ongoing. [151], Proponents for the Keystone XL pipeline argue that it would allow the U.S. to increase its energy security and reduce its dependence on foreign oil. NRDC and its partners also found the majority of Keystone XL oil would have been sent to markets overseasaided by a 2015 reversal of a ban on crude oil exports. All facets of the tar sands industry pose a threat to the environment. Keystone XL Pipeline, Gas Prices, and Oil Exports, Keystone XL Pipeline Environmental Impact, Keystone XL Pipeline Controversy and False Claims, President Trump and the Keystone XL Pipeline, President Biden and the End of the Keystone XL Pipeline, officially abandoned the project in June 2021, tar sands oil spill in Kalamazoo River, Michigan, Its mines are a blight on Canadas boreal, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, Farmers, ranchers, tribes, and conservation groups, abandoning its plans for building the pipeline, Ghost Pipelines: How Landowners Suffer, Long After a Project Gets Canceled, The Future Has Spoken: Its Time to Shut Down DAPL and Stop Line 3, Battered by Floods, Nebraskans Worry About Pipeline Spills, 2018 Wasnt a Completely Horrible Year for the Environment, A Rubber Stamp on Keystone XL? But unfortunately, once this project finds its way, a few on-the-line projects like Cushing Extension and Seaway reversal will also come under development leading to a bigger disaster for America. [203], On November 30, 2011, a group of Republican senators introduced legislation aimed at forcing the Obama administration to make a decision within 60days. [185] A broad coalition of protesters, including Phil Radford, Daryl Hannah,[186] Dave Heineman, Ben Nelson, Mike Johanns and Susie Tompkins Buell challenged him to keep that promise. Whats more surprising is that these jobs will be non-local and of temporary nature. [68] The pollsters said that the support for the Keystone pipeline project by provincial NDP government and the federal Liberal government under Trudeau had a positive impact on Canadians' attitudes of the project. [23][24], The Keystone Pipeline system consisted of the operational Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, the Gulf Coast Pipeline Project. The Keystone XL proposal faced criticism from environmentalists and a minority of the members of the United States Congress. TC Energy is the Canadian pipeline company that planned to build the Keystone XL pipeline, which would have spanned from Hardisty, Alberta, to Steele City, Nebraska. [clarification needed][115][116][117], The pipeline was a prominent issue in the 2014 United States mid-term elections, and after Republicans gained control of the Senate that year, the project was revived. The Keystone XL pipeline extension, proposed by TC Energy (then TransCanada) in 2008, was initially designed to transport the planets dirtiest fossil fuel, tar sands oil, to marketand fast. [152][153] TransCanada CEO Russ Girling has argued that "the U.S. needs 10 million barrels a day of imported oil" and the debate over the proposed pipeline "is not a debate of oil versus alternative energy. The report blamed the discrepancy on a failure to take account of the increase in consumption due to the drop in the price of oil that would be spurred by the pipeline. United States Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors Office of Inspector General Office of Audits. The proposed Keystone XL extension actually comprised two segments. By Dennis Romero. [29] It also involved construction of 23pump stations and delivery facilities at Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. [31] : 147 But Nebraskas got a slew of public hearings on the calendar, and legal challenges loom large. According to The Globe and Mail, The refiners argue that construction overruns have raised the cost of shipping on the Canadian portion of Keystone by 145 per cent while the U.S. portion has run 92 per cent over budget. One of the central arguments made by pipeline pushers was that tar sands expansion will move forward with or without Keystone XL. [6] The Environmental Protection Agency built an earthen dam to contain the spill. [59], On February 24, 2015, President Obama vetoed a bill that approved the construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline, saying that the decision of approval should rest with the Executive Branch. 2022 they are producing almost 12 million . In the two years leading up to the November 2014 midterm elections, the fossil fuel industry spent more than $721 million to court allies in Congress. Council v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, "Keystone XL Pipeline Stays Blocked in U.S. Supreme Court Order", "Order in Pending Case: Army Corps of Engineers, ET AL. There is thorough research or proper facts to back the claims made by the company. The Houston Lateral pipeline phase is a 47-mile (76km) pipeline to transport crude oil from the pipeline in Liberty County, Texas, to refineries and terminal in the Houston area. We conduct regular emergency exercises, and aerial surveys every two weeks. The estimate of 2,000 during construction came under heavy attack, while the long-term, permanent job estimates did not receive as much criticism. Tar sands oil is thicker, more acidic, and more corrosive than lighter conventional crude, and this ups the likelihood that a pipeline carrying it will leak. Historic flooding recently inundated parts of the Cornhusker State where the proposed Keystone XL pipeline would pass through. (For evidence, note the 2010 tar sands oil spill in Kalamazoo River, Michigan, a disaster that cost Enbridge more than a billion dollars in cleanup fees and took six years to settle in court.) And as far as existing pipelines we have 185 operational oil lines. "[253] To the extent that the oil would be extracted in any case, the relevant comparison would be to alternative means of transporting it; the Final SEIS considered three alternative scenarios and found that "total GHG emissions associated with construction and operation (direct and indirect) combined would be higher for each of the three scenarios than for the entire route encompassing the proposed Project". V. N. Plains Res. But environmental. . 398 arrests were made of people tying themselves to the White House fence with zip-ties and lying on a black tarp in front of the fence. 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