She later became the flagship of Force M's commander, Vice-Admiral John Cunningham. The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. [101], Helen Duncan, considered the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735, came to the attention of the authorities after claiming to have contacted the spirit of a sailor of Barham, at the time when the ship's sinking was being hidden from the general public. The damage allowed over 1,000 long tons (1,016t) of water to flood the stern and nearly knocked out the ship's steering gear. (Mute & Track Negs.) When VE Day arrived, he was escorting an Arctic convoy north of Norway. During the 1920s and 1930s, the ship was assigned to the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Home Fleets. Read about our approach to external linking. The attack on an unarmed passenger liner was a clear breach of international protocols. Experience the HMS Barham explosion after being struck by torpedo in 4K resolution at 50 fps and in color! It was November 24 when the battleship and several other ships escorted by eight destroyers went to search for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. The BdU (Commander Submarines) noted in his war diary the rather jubilant: U331 1 battleship torpedoed in the Mediterranean. The video of HMS Barhams loss can seen here, in the context of the overall newsreel. [33] About three minutes later, the ship opened fire on the battlecruiser SMSvon der Tann at a range of about 23,000 yards (21,000m). Thanks to the advancements in artificial intellige. [93][Note 6] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship. Senior figures in the German navy were convicted at Nuremberg for war crimes in relation to the Athenia affair. [94], It was not until the Admiralty admitted that Barham had been sunk and described the circumstances that Tiesenhausen knew that he had sunk her. He went on to serve as a gun range finder aboard HMS Nelson, involved in bombarding German defences in Normandy on D-Day. Our C. in C. (Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham) ordered the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons to sea to attempt to intercept and destroy these convoys. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod mast. On 612 May, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of Operation Tiger. During her early-1930s refit, the platforms were removed from the turrets and a retractable catapult was installed on the roof of 'X' turret, along with a crane to recover a floatplane. While making the turn,[40] Barham was struck by two 30.5-centimetre shells beginning at 16:58, probably from the battlecruiser SMSDerfflinger. The British battleships then switched targets to bombard the harbour and Richelieu. The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the German battleships after losing sight of the battlecruisers, with Barham opening fire at 18:14. At 17:45 he turned eastwards to take his position in front of the Grand Fleet and re-engage Hipper's ships. Hipper ordered his ships to turn to starboard, away from the British, to assume a south-easterly course, and reduced speed to 18 knots (33km/h; 21mph) to allow three light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group to catch up. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. [57] Now under the command of Captain Richard Scott,[53] Barham was assigned to the Home Fleet as the flagship of the 2nd Battle Squadron,[54] and deployed to the West Indies in JanuaryFebruary 1935 for training. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. Her complete service history can be found at this link. [35], At 16:30, the light cruiser Southampton, scouting in front of Beatty's ships, spotted the lead elements of the High Seas Fleet coming north at top speed. [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. British Path was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. !, YOU ARE NOT FORGOTTEN, Casualties of MEN/HEROES-SERVING IN H.M.S. The enemy struck at 4.25pm as Richard was on a tea break and talking with a friend. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. Admiral Angelo Iachino, commander of the Italian fleet, ordered the two other heavy cruisers of the 1st Division to render assistance to Pola in the darkness. One of these hits also started several major fires inside the hull. It proved to be worse than expected and Barham had to be repaired at Durban, South Africa, as she was unfit to make the trans-Atlantic crossing for repair in the United States. Late in the afternoon of November 24, 1941 WARSPITE, (C. in C.), BARHAM and VALIANT and a screen of nine destroyers sailed from Alexandria to provide heavy gun cover for the Cruisers. While sailing eastwards, the aircraft carrier Illustrious was detached from the main body to attack Taranto on the night of 11/12 November, damaging three Italian battleships. [54], Captain Geoffrey Cooke assumed command on 25 March[53] and the Navy took the opportunity to augment her light anti-aircraft armament and upgrade its directors. Earlier in the day there had been a couple of Air Raid warnings, and reports of enemy aircraft Shadowers, but nothing of particular consequence. The hits on Seydlitz mostly opened up more holes that facilitated the flooding. Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not report this for another five minutes. BARHAM's explosion after being torpedoed. Barham. After some time we came to a Carley float, to which about six of our shipmates were clinging. [15], The Queen Elizabeth class was ordered as part of the 1912 Naval Programme and the contract for Barham was awarded to John Brown & Company. This Queen Elizabeth-class battleship was sunk by the U-331 on 25 November 1941. 828 Squadron FAA, With the 5th South African Brigade at Sidi Rezegh, XXXI Guastatori (Assault Engineers) Battalion during CRUSADER, 'Shell Shock' 'Bomb Happy' and the Tobruk Garrison, Successful supply runs for the Axis - November 1941, New Article - Italy's Light Cruiser Force, German Tank Deliveries to North Africa - 02/1941 to 03/1942, Axis merchants lost on the North Africa Route - 1941-1943. Sinking of Royal Navy Battleship HMS Barham.A legendary battleship with a history at Jutland, during World War 2 HMS Barham was stationed with the Royal Navy's Eastern Mediterranean fleet in Egypt.. On the afternoon of the 24th November of 1941, HMS Barham, sailed to provide cover for the 7th and 15th Royal Navy Cruiser Squadrons. HMS Barham was a 35,000-ton battleship built for World War I but had had an extensive refit in the 1930s. HMS Barham, on which Richard was serving as an able seaman, was covering an attack on an Italian convoy supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps, when it was attacked by U-331. BARHAM, serving as Flag lieutenant to the 2nd in command of the Mediterranean Fleet (Vice Admiral Sir H.D. The following year the UP mount was replaced by a pair of quadruple Vickers 0.5-inch machine gun mounts and another pair of eight-barreled "pom-pom" mounts were added abreast her conning tower. With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the High Seas Fleet, 60 miles (97km) behind him. During this refit, the aft superstructure was rebuilt and the torpedo-control tower and its rangefinder were removed, together with the aft set of torpedo tubes. I was in H.M.S. "We looked at each other and said, 'right, let's get up top!'. [53] The ship was relieved as flagship by Revenge in June[54] and she was ordered to Palestine in August where her crew helped to suppress rioting in Haifa and also operated the Haifa-Jerusalem railroad. "If I hadn't dived headfirst and knocked myself out, I would be dead, too.". Life on the Line tracks down Australian war veterans and records their stories. The British and the German fleets returned home; the British lost two cruisers to submarine attacks, and one German dreadnought had been torpedoed. Website with searchable ship database about warships, passenger liners, merchant ships, photo galleries, technical details, stories, news and much more. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1939, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1941. That's the ultimate goal, anyway," said Mr Mearns. The relatively shallow water on Rockall Bank, an area of raised seabed a few hundred km from the Irish coastline, means it should be reasonably straightforward to send down a remotely operated vehicle to investigate the sonar contact. Jan Lettens 02/08/2012. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a German U-boat torpedo off the coast of Egypt on November 25, 1941. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. In the end, the TV idea was dropped, but Mr Mearns still hopes an expedition can be mounted by someone. Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the sunken remains of a famous ship. The following morning, they were spotted by an aircraft from the carrier Formidable and the Battle of Cape Matapan began. [48], She was refitted at Cromarty between February and March 1917[47] and King George V inspected the ship on 22 June at Invergordon. Huge palls of smoke rising from the stricken ship. The latter was succeeded by Captain Richard Horne on 1 October. Once the news had come through around 1630 hours that Force K out of Malta had sunk these, the battleships turned for Alexandria. At 14:32, Beatty ordered a course change to south-southeast in response to the spot report. In addition, she was joined by the battleships HMS Queen . [28][Note 3], When dawn broke Beatty ordered his forces into cruising formation with the 5th Battle Squadron trailing his battle cruisers by five nautical miles (9.3km; 5.8mi). While under repair in December1939 March1940, a 20-barrel Unrotated projectile (UP) rocket launcher was installed on the roof of 'B' turret and her HACS Mk I directors were replaced with Mk III models. [54] Captain James Somerville relieved Monroe on 1 December and he was relieved in his turn on 16 March 1929 by Captain John C. U-331 was not attacked by the escorting destroyers and reached port on 3 December. On 26 March, the Italian fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece. David Mearns, who has found some two dozen major wrecks for insurers and TV companies, says the Athenia's hull is visible in sonar data acquired by the Geological Survey of Ireland. The . Two minutes later, Beatty ordered a course change to east-southeast, positioning the British ships to cut off the German's line of retreat, and signalled action stations. Two of the others detonated upon striking the waterline armour, but failed to penetrate. Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. After returning to port, Jellicoe issued an order that prohibited risking the fleet in the southern half of the North Sea due to the overwhelming risk from mines and U-boats unless the odds of defeating the High Seas Fleet in a decisive engagement were favourable. [54], On the afternoon of 24 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight destroyers, departed Alexandria to cover the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons as they hunted for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF) 3-inch (76mm) 20cwt Mk I[Note 1] guns. The Donaldson Atlantic Line SS Athenia was built in Glasgow and the city's Riverside Museum of transport has an exhibition dedicated to the vessel and the stories surrounding its sinking. Neilson Larry 05/01/2011. The first of these struck the ship's upper deck before detonating upon striking the main deck above the medical store compartment, which was completely burnt out. "Fearing the impact of the affair on American opinion, the Germans promoted an absurd conspiracy theory, claiming that Winston Churchill, as First Lord of the Admiralty, had been responsible. Ten minutes later, the ship radioed "Two cruisers, probably hostile, in sight" They were actually two German destroyers that had stopped to check a Danish merchant ship's papers. At the going down of the SUN, AND in the MORNING; WE WILL REMEMBER THEM, WE WILL REMEMBER THEM!! "I shot to the surface," he said. 598 x 440. Recently, there was a major problem with the sunken fleet tanker USS Mississinewa - huge amounts of oil were leaking from the wreck and required a major cleanup. 203, 205, Jellicoe, pp. [26], In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade early on the morning of 31 May. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. The only contact came in the evening when Tyrwhitt sighted the High Seas Fleet but was unable to achieve an advantageous attack position before dark, and broke off contact. In preparation for Operation Menace, a British naval attack on Dakar, Senegal, prior to a planned landing by the Free French, the ship was detached from the Home Fleet on 28 August and was assigned to Force M, the Royal Navy component of the operation. "By the time we got on deck, the ship was listing at a 45 degree angle. "It would be at such resolution that anyone could look for shipwrecks like the Athenia from their desk. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. [5], The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was 13 inches (330mm) thick over the ships' vitals. The resulting shockwave pushed the bulge inwards for a length of 7 feet (2.1m) and it started to slowly flood. The impact was right on the joints between several armour plates and drove them inwards and destroyed part of the hull behind them. "The Germans were at the gates of Alexandria at that time and we were accompanying destroyers trying to stop their supplies," said Richard, who lives off Groby Road. She became the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet on 9 June until relieved by Warspite on 8 February 1938. Copyright 2023. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). The boat dived out of control after she broached, reaching an indicated depth of 265 metres (869ft), well below her design depth rating of 150 metres (490ft), before she stabilised without any damage. Richard will be reading the Royal British Legion epitaph, "They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old", at Buckminster Road Baptist Church on Sunday, during the act of remembrance. The battleships were providing distant cover to the light cruisers of Force B[1], engaged in searching for the German merchantsMaritzaandProcida (see also this link and this link). The loss of HMS Barham contributed to the very high number of losses at sea suffered by the Royal Navy in the period of Operation CRUSADER, about which I have written at this link. "I saw one of my shipmates in the water and asked him, 'where's the ship?' The rescue effort by six other ships was nothing short of heroic, according to testimony. In addition the torpedo-control tower aft was replaced by an air-defence position during that same refit. Realising their mistake, the Germans changed course for home. He eventually lost his life in a confrontation in 1941 when his U-110 boat was forced to the surface after being damaged by depth charges. The Queen Elizabeth class warship was the only British battleship to be sunk at sea by a U-boat during the conflict. This took some time and his ships had to slow down to 1218 knots (2233km/h; 1421mph) to avoid overrunning the 6th Division and blocking its fire. The battleship heels over and explodes. The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. [25] On 21 May, the 5th Battle Squadron was attached to Beatty while his 3rd Battlecruiser Squadron was detached for gunnery training and arrived at Rosyth the following day. While covering the evacuation of Crete the following day, the ship was attacked by Junkers Ju 88 bombers from II./LG (Demonstration Wing) 1 and Heinkel He 111 bombers of II./KG (Bomber Wing) 26. (Lt. Cdr. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a. Lemp fired four torpedoes at the two capital ships,[64] and one struck Barham on her port side, adjacent to the shell rooms for 'A' and 'B' turrets. Beatty then ordered Evan-Thomas to turn his ships in succession to follow the battlecruisers three minutes later. Casualties: 861. Between them, Barham and Valiant hit Moltke four times from 16:16 to 16:26, but only one of those hits can be attributed to Valiant. [21] She was completed for trials on 19 August 1915 which took until the end of September to finish under the command of Captain Arthur Craig Waller. Of the 1,184 officers and men on board, 841 were killed. [73], After the expiration of an ultimatum to surrender the following morning, the battleships engaged the port's 24-centimetre (9.4in) coast-defence guns and Richelieu at 09:30. "The Moon and Mars are mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed. "We climbed over the guard rail and started running down the side of the ship. Scheer turned south again, then steered south-eastward to pursue a lone British battle squadron sighted by an airship, which was in fact the Harwich Force of cruisers and destroyers under Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt. Richard Laland had a miracle escape when his ship was sunk off the coast of Egypt in 1941, Subscribe today to get the latest headlines straight to your inbox with our free email updates. [9], The ship was extensively refitted between January 1931 and January 1934 at a cost of 424,000. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. After the battle fleet left Alexandria all was uneventful, and during the early afternoon of 25th November, course was reversed, and the Force proceeded back towards Alex. The anti-torpedo bulge was essentially destroyed adjacent to the strike, with four men killed and two wounded. "I didn't know which way was up or down and thought that was it, I'm going to die I had given up and remember thinking, I hope it's quick.". The latter was only struck by a single shell splinter before the Allies broke off the bombardment at 10:07, although she had hit Barham once with a 155mm (6.1in) shell[74] that blew a hole 4 feet (1.2m) in diameter in the bulge. This increased her metacentric height to about 7 feet (2.1m) at deep load, despite the increase in her deep displacement to 35,970 long tons (36,550t). [10], The turret roofs were reinforced to a thickness of 5 inches (127mm) and the armour added over the magazines after Jutland was replaced by 4 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour, the first British battleship to receive such. Something went wrong, please try again later. A near miss ruptured her portside bulge over an area 20 by 16 feet (6.1 by 4.9m) and caused a 1.5 degree list that was easily corrected by pumping oil. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. Read more [96] The sinking was captured on film by a cameraman from Path News, aboard Valiant. "It was the strangest thing. "I'm one of only two survivors from the ship left," he said. [52] Captain Robin Dalglish relieved Horne on 1 October 1920. [85] They opened fire at point-blank range, Barham crippling the destroyer Alfredo Oriani and then joining Warspite and Valiant in crippling Zara. The start date is universally agreed to be 17 November 1941, while the end date is 15 January for the British (thus excluding the Axis counter-offensive of late January), while it is 6 February for the Axis, including the counteroffensive. Merlin Burrows have found and pin-pointed the exact location of the wreck of HMS Barham - a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship built for the Royal Navy in February 1913. Knocked myself out, I would be at such resolution that anyone could look for shipwrecks like Athenia. ( 97km ) behind him ) and It started to slowly flood the British battleships then switched targets bombard... Be found at this link ship left, '' said Mr Mearns breach of international protocols M 's,! Fps and in the 1930s U-331 can be mounted by someone class warship was flagship... Be mounted by someone break and talking with a friend cameraman from Path news, aboard Valiant the anti-torpedo was... Battleships after losing sight of the Grand Fleet and re-engage Hipper 's ships opening... Mediterranean Fleet on 9 June until relieved by Warspite on 8 February.! Do so and fired at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect 'm of... 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