To bring down the cost of production for the many consumer and industrial . [34][35][36] Shared affinities and similar cultural commonalities has not only been an impetus for the close bonds between China and Israel but has also created a symbol of brotherhood between the two communities. Since then, the Trump and Biden administrations have pressured Israeli governments to reduce the transfer of technology to China, fearing that it would help strengthen the Chinese military and economy at the expense of the United States. which China has sought Israel to invest in as an alternative. What are the security implications of Chinese investments in Israeli technology and infrastructure? [59], As part of the 2010 World Expo, the Shanghai Municipal Government began to allow the city's Jewish community to use the historic Ohel Rachel Synagogue for regular Shabbat services. In January 2011, the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics stated that Israeli exports to China had grown by an annual 95 percent in 2010 to $2 billion. [2] Surprisingly, they seem to have tried to mask their attack trying to use Farsi and deploy countermeasures to make it seem that the attack originated in Iran. They reached several high-level agreements, including a $1 billion Israeli-Russian sale of military aircraft to China. While the exact cause of his death is unknown, it is believed he died of natural causes. Israel is trying to manage a tricky balance between pleasing its ally, the U.S., without throttling lucrative technology deals with China. China has advanced expertise worldwide, and can feed the global food supply chain through the use of contemporary technology. The Israeli government responded to this pressure partially by establishing . The Israeli consul Jackie Eldan noted that the gesture was a "special effort", as the synagogue is now located within the compound for the city's education ministry, and that it was "truly highly appreciated by Israel. Israeli officials have beenespecially vocal about the risks posed by military technology trade with China, noting that Chinese weapons sold to Tehran have in the past been transferred to Hamas and Hezbollah. WASHINGTON . [55][56], In 2007, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert (whose father was raised in the northern Chinese city of Harbin, whose Jewish community dated from the 19th century [57] ), visited China to bolster trade and military cooperation and seek China's support in the conflict over Iran's nuclear proliferation. [26] China was similarly represented by a branch of the China International Travel Service, which also opened in 1990. [108], Bilateral trade between the two nations increased from $50 million to $10 billion in 2013. If tensions escalate further, Israel could risk finding its American and Chinese trade partners less forgiving of its delicate balance. And educational and technological entrepreneurship initiatives that are the basis for the future. They both supplied weapons to the Afghan mujahideen (Israel sending captured PLO weapons via the United States and Pakistan), and military cooperation between the two began in order to assist the Islamic resistance against the Soviets. Washington D.C. 20036 [101] On June 22, 2015, The Israeli conglomerate Delek Group agreed to sell a 52 percent controlling stake of its company to the Chinese civilian-run conglomerate Fosun International. [98][100], More than 1000 Israeli start-up companies have set up operations in China. According to Eliran Elimelech, Israel's commercial attach in Beijing, the agreement was expected to deepen ties between Israeli and Chinese businessmen in the short term, and in the medium to long term to improve trade conditions between the countries. Over the past decade, Israeli policy focused on seizing the economic opportunity in its relations with China, and identified the main risks stemming from US disapproval. Considering the limited flow of Chinese FDI to Israel (around $100 million in 2018 out of the total $21.8 billion), China is far from gaining a foothold in Israel's high-tech sector. Click to reveal The second paragraph (in the text issued by Washington) pledges to boost our mutual innovation ecosystems, to deepen bilateral engagements, advance and protect critical and emerging technologies in accordance with our national interests, democratic principles and human rights, and to address geostrategic challenges, i.e., not merely economic or scientific challenges. As of 2011, some sixty Israeli companies are listed on the Nasdaq. The declaration by the leaders on the technological partnership will be put to the test in its implementationthe success of both National Security Councils, not only in launching processes leading to actual progress in fields of technological cooperation, but also in reinforcing the strategic relations between Israel and the United States, Israels great ally. The 13-year-old Haifa company has developed a futuristic technology called ExAblate, a non-invasive, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery system that thermally ablates, or destroys, tumors inside the body. 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As of 2018, the United States still significantly leads China in terms of high-tech capitalinvestment, with the United States accounting for 35 percent and China for 3 percent of investments. the chief American concern is with Chinese investments in the fields of technology that are considered . This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. On July 13, before President Biden landed in Israel,JerusalemandWashingtonissued a joint statement (with differences in wording in both versions) on the launch of strategic technology cooperation between Israel and the United States. [65], The U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency compiled evidence that Israel had transferred missile, laser and aircraft technology to China in the 1990s. Annual Lecture on China. Foreign Investment and Regulatory Policies in Israel, Chinese Technology Investment and Construction in Israel, Security Risks for Israel and the United States, Concluding Thoughts and Research Gaps for Further Study. [121][102], Israel's increasing defense cooperation with China has caused concern in Western nations, particularly the United States, which is the largest foreign supplier of military equipment to Israel. Instead of limits and threats by one side and tiptoeing by the other, Israel and the United States agreed to elevate their partnership, adapting it to challenges of the 21stcentury and the era of Great Power competition, with technology at its core. Ties between Israel and China have been strained in recent months. It takes just a few seconds. by Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli Israels willingness to walk away fromarms deals with the Chinese at the United States request is unsurprising given the countries strong military and political relationship. The official steps that led to the recent statement have not yet been made public, but the outlines of this new approach to US-Israel relations in the era of Great Power competition were already published in March 2022 in ajoint documentby three research institutes following a year of work: the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) and the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), from both sides of Washingtons political spectrum, and Israels Institute for National Security Studies (INSS). 15. [22] Reportedly, a large number of the heavy tanks used in China's 1984 National Day parades were retrofitted by Israel from captured Six-Day War equipment.[23]. This type of balance will become increasingly difficult. A recent Newsweek cover story highlights that China views Israel as a pivotal technological superpower it wishes to exploit. In parallel, China is increasing investments in Israeli semiconductor companies and driving up demand for locally-designed chips. China is Israel's third-largest trade partner behind the EU and the US. November 4, 2022 Security Implications for Israel and the United States, by Shira Efron, Karen Schwindt, Emily Haskel. The authors examine the extent and nature of Chinese investments in Israeli technology and infrastructure and discuss the security implications these pose for Israel and the United States. [130], Chinese involvement in the Israeli technology sector has also generated security concerns. Although the headlines were focused elsewhere, the presidents Israel-Saudi trip included statements, agreements, and newly announced inter-agency dialogues that imply deep implications for China policy. [77][78] The vessels and crewmen were welcomed by the Haifa base commander, Brigadier General Eli Sharvit,[78] and Chinese embassy officials. [80] Investment from China in Israeli technology reached an aggregate of $15 billion from 2011 to 2017 with the surplus of Chinese investment capital finding its way through Israel's high technology sector, including agriculture, pharmaceutical, medical devices, artificial intelligence and autonomous driving. As per IVC Data and Insights, it invested $400 million in Israeli start-ups in 2018 and $243 million in 2019. Incorrect password. Performance & security by Cloudflare. In light of Washingtons limitations and threats, the Netanyahu governments chose to proceed gingerly and avoid trouble by employing moderate measures to assuage US anxiety somewhat, while continuing to advance ties with China, except in security, defense, and other sensitive areas. Later in the statement, the parties agree to seek to increase coordination on policies on risk management in our innovation ecosystems, including research security, investment screening, and export controls, as well as on technology investment and protection strategies for critical and emerging technologies. This agreement reflects joint understandings on challenges to securing technology, which, according to numerous international studies, China jeopardizes in various ways: technological espionage; forced or unwarranted technology transfer, inter alia by means of cooperation in research, investments, and unauthorized or unwitting exports; talent recruitment; and large-scale offensive activity in cyber espionage. This joint project would permit the mass overland transport of Chinese goods to Israel and Eastern Europe, and would involve both Chinese and Israeli railway developers. [80][113] In the first half of 2015, China invested more than $2 billion compared to just $300 million for all of 2014. The question is, with Israel, when China will cross the line? Chinese investments in Israel have grown substantially and include investments in high-tech companies that produce sensitive technologies as well as the construction and operation of key infrastructure projects. That's a tiny fraction of the approximately 1,300 Israeli companies in the U.S. and 750 in . Technological ties between Israel and China have always been a central and constant element of their relationship. 00:00. [126] In addition, the Chinese established Chinese institutes in Israel, to public and media activities of Israel-based Chinese diplomats. TIMES STAFF WRITER. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to this product page is encouraged. Concerned about Chinas potential use of advanced airborne early-warning (AEW) radar systems, the United States dissuaded Israel from lucrative arms deals in 2000 and 2005, souring Chinese-Israeli security trade relations. In February this year, Israel had uncovered a nexus . China and Israel have hosted many reciprocal business events that facilitate cooperation between Chinese and Israeli firms, usually with Israel providing technology to an established Chinese company. Xi called on both countries to enhance political communication, synergize development strategies, and strengthen cooperation in key areas such as . The Washington Institute seeks to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East and to promote the policies that secure them. Chinese capital investment and R&D centers may be underrepresented, however, because Chinese capital is ofteninvestedvia Israeli funds. [134] During the November 2012 Operation Pillar of Defense in the Gaza Strip, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China urged all sides to display restraint. And what about Israel? . China and Israel subsequently started exchanging visits of delegations of academics, experts, businessmen and industrialists. North Korea does not recognise Israel, denouncing it as an "imperialist satellite". [124], Though relations are close and generally good with no particular bilateral problems between the two nations, China and Israel continue to remain divided on the issue of Palestine, Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, economic blockade of Gaza, and the Israeli West Bank barrier wall. [80][12][81][82] The economic synergy has served the two respective countries greatly where Israel's global technological prowess combined with China's global economic influence, industrial manufacturing capabilities, and marketing expertise made cooperation between the two nations inevitable. American fears of espionage led to the Israeli governments reassessment of Chinas successful bid to operate the country'sbiggest port in Haifa, which regularly hosts visits fromU.S. Navy ships for bilateral exercises and port calls. The China-Israel Technology Tussle Jan 11, 2022, 5:49 PM Edit; . Since the 1980s, Israel has carefully walked the U.S.-China technology tensions . The former is a belated American response to Chinas strategic Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for infrastructure, which was launched in 2013. The China-Israel Innovation Hub was established in December 2019 as a major step in Shanghai's implementation of a national strategy to promote Chinese and Israeli scientific technological innovation. Even though the sales of military technologies have stalled, commercial technology trade with China has grown at a dizzying pace, boosting Israels technology exports. The Sino-Israeli relationship is particularly complex. China is a dictatorship and the relationship with Israel at some-point outlive Chinese geopolitical ambitions in the middle east. [105] In August 2012, with Chinese-Israeli trade growing, the Beijing University of International Business and Economics in Beijing set up a department dedicated to studying Israeli economics and Judaism, while some Chinese universities began offering Hebrew courses. 5G and 6G communications are an area of intense conflict between the United States and Chinas communications giants, headed by Huawei. [93] Chinese businessmen and major Chinese corporations hold Israel's business, economic and entrepreneurial acumen and technological expertise with high esteem and have sought to integrate Israel's know-how with China's marketing proficiency, industrial manufacturing capacity and aptitude for large consumer market scaling. Zelensky: If China allies itself with Russia, there will be world war III. It was set up in 2020 after pressure from America, which was concerned that China could be getting Israeli weapons technology. [77] In July 2018, 180 acres of the Northern port in Haifa were transferred to Shanghai International Port Group Co. (SIPG) for a 25-year period of management. The growing dual-use nature of technology threatens to overthrow Israels careful efforts to expand trade with Beijing, while avoiding the sales of security technologies that would increase Chinese military capabilities and anger Washington. [97] In December 2017, The Jerusalem Post projects that China will soon overtake the United States as Israel's largest investor and leading source of foreign direct investment. Media coverage of this statement paled in comparison with other issuesIran, Palestinians, and regional normalizationeven though it specifically demonstrated US appreciation of Israeli innovative value. February 1, 2023 In 1950, Israel was the first country in the Middle East to recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of China. Chinese investment in sensitive technologies and construction of major Israeli infrastructure projects present distinct concerns for Israel and the United States. 2. Despite China being a great market for Israeli technology and products and Israel-China relations having been rather cordial, Israel does realize that it cannot continue to sit on the fence. Israel then sought to benefit from the situation and became China's backdoor to western technology. The primary concern regarding investment relates to Chinese ownership of companies that might possess sensitive technology or data; concerns over construction are focused on the use of infrastructure projects to further Chinese foreign policy goals. Although this agreement may seem technical, concerning principally economics and technology, the fact that the dialogue will be led by the heads of the respective National Security Councils (and not, for example, by the Ministries of Science or the Economy) indicates that it is a matter of supreme strategic and security importance. On November 5, 2021, a federal jury in Cincinnati determined that Xu was guilty of conspiring to and attempting to commit commercial espionage and stealing trade secrets from the U.S. Xu is the deputy division director of the Sixth Bureau of the Jiangsu Province of the Chinese Ministry of State Security, the primary intelligence agency of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Economists are forecasting that Mainland China may surpass the U.S. as Israel's largest trading partner in the near future. Shira Efronis director of research at Israel Policy Forum. IAI Lavi and UAV technology seems to have been sold to China. Academic and Higher Education Webinars, C.V. Starr & Co. The President also addressed high priority US issues, above all increasing the flow of oil from the Gulf countries to the global market, and symbolic gestures on the Palestinian front. But every crisis is an opportunity. If you share these values with us, please consider supporting our work by joining The ToI Community. American officials had also tried to contain Chinese activities through a bilateral agreement in 2015, signed at the highest level between the U.S. and Chinese presidents. The company was active until 1992, when official diplomatic relationships were announced between Israel and China. The dialogue will be in an inter-agency format, with annual meetings held alternately in the two countries, the first of which is scheduled to take place in Israel this fall. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. [7] China is Israel's third largest trading partner globally and largest trading partner in East Asia. Please use the following structure: example@domain.com, Send me The Times of Israel Daily Edition. According to the U.S. National Security Agency, China repeatedly breached the computer networks of the American government and private defense companies to steal data about design and radar modules for the F35 and incorporated it into its stealth fighter aircraft, the J20. 2023 The Times of Israel , All Rights Reserved. In November 2008, then China Ambassador to the United States Yesui Zhang stated that the "continued construction of settlements on the West Bank is not only in violation of Israel's obligations under international law, but is also detrimental to guaranteeing Israel's own security." Israels separation of its commercial and security technology trade with China, however, is no easy task. Chinese investment and construction could lead to leaks of sensitive technology and cyberespionage. Efron, Shira, Karen Schwindt, and Emily Haskel, Chinese Investment in Israeli Technology and Infrastructure: Security Implications for Israel and the United States. "The Evolution of Sino-Israeli Relations". Relations between China and Israel have expanded rapidly since the early 2000s in numerous areas, including diplomacy, trade, investment, construction, educational partnerships, scientific cooperation, and tourism. Other countries, including the U.S., work to lure top IP . This group should include a consultative structure led by the White House and the U.S. State Department with the Israeli Prime Minister's Office and Ministry of Foreign Affairs to address differences . [137][138][136], On July 23, 2014, China was among the 29 nations who voted in favor of the investigation by the United Nations Human Rights Council of war crimes committed by Israel during Operation Protective Edge, with the United States being the only nation in dissent. Third, is the moral (and public relations) risk that Israel will become implicated in the domestic oppression of people accused of opposing the CCP. The Chinese consortium comprised a number of Chinese holding companies and private equity firms such as Giant Investment (HK) Limited, China Oceanwide Holdings Group Co. Ltd., China Minsheng Trust Co. Ltd., CDH China HF Holdings Company Limited, the Hony Capital Fund, and Yunfeng Capital a private equity firm co-founded by Alibaba's Jack Ma. Israeli media reported that these tenders "were seen by officials in Washington as a major test of the Israeli government's policy towards China.". "Israel sees China as an opportunity," said Michael Oren, a former Israeli ambassador to Washington. Whereas growing U.S.-China technology tensions cause significant Israeli political and security concern, they also provide new opportunities for economic growth. [71] Israel is now China's second-largest foreign supplier of arms after Russia with China having purchased a wide array of military equipment and technology, including communications satellites. In response to these persistent attempts at stealing hard-earned U.S. intellectual capital from the American experts, the FBI launched the China Initiative program in November 2018, which scrutinized suspected cases of Americans engaged in such espionage activity. China has also been investing extensively in Israeli technology and businesses. Although the two states did not normalize their relations until 1992, since then the bilateral relationship has developed extensively, especially in the economic sphere. Although China may see Israel as more lenient than the U.S. in sharing technology, Israel may ultimately act similarly cautiously as it does not . [11][51][13], In November 1991, the Defense Minister of Israel Moshe Arens was reported to have paid a secret visit to China and believed to have negotiated the establishment of ties and expansion of military cooperation. 2023 The Times of Israel , All Rights Reserved. Bingde's visit was part of a tour that included stops in Russia and Ukraine. Brig. [94][93][95][96] Since the mid-2010s, China has increasingly becoming a pillar source of financial funding of Israel's high-tech ecosystem with the influx of Chinese investments in Israeli companies and technologies since the mid-2010s has mutually contributed both the Chinese and Israeli economies. It also came up in discussions between US National Security Advisor John Bolton and Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu when they met on January 7, 2019. The case of Huawei is illustrative. The group targets data and organizations which are of great interest to Beijings financial, diplomatic and strategic objectives. The espionage takes place while Chinas Belt and Road Initiative and the Chinese government formally declare Israels technology sector as a key area of mutual interest. [101][36] At present, there are thousands of Jewish and Israeli expatriate businessmen residing in various Chinese cities, mainly Shanghai and Beijing looking to do business with Chinese entrepreneurs and Chinese technology companies. [114] On September 2 2015, Fosun International made another investment in Israel where it agreed to purchase the Ahava cosmetics firm for NIS 300 million (US$77 million). Your IP: The operation of infrastructure projects affords China unique surveillance opportunities and possibly economic and political levers of influence. A major U.S. concern is that China's quest for foreign technology targets Israel as a potential source. What is the nature of Chinese investment in Israeli technology and infrastructure? February 22, 2023 The Israeli ban on exporting defense technologies to China goes back to 2000, when intense American pressure led Israel to cancel the sale of the Phalcon Airborne Early Warning System to China. The hub is now home to around 100 companies and institutes from China and Israel in industries like smart manufacturing and healthcare. President Joe Bidens recent visit to the Middle East focused on the matters most important to his hosts in Israel and the Arabian Gulf: security guarantees against Iranian threats and the rehabilitation of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. We urge relevant parties to bear in mind the broader picture of peace and the lives of the people, immediately realize a ceasefire, stick to the strategic choice of peace talks and strive for an early resumption of talks. [14], China's status as a potential world power has prompted Israel to maintain close ties with the country and integrate China's global influence with Israel's economic management. [92] Major Chinese firms such as Fosun, ChemChina, Brightfood, Horizons Ventures and China Everbright have invested significant amounts of financial capital and resources across numerous Israeli industries. Beijing accounts for roughly 10 to 15 percent of Israel's economy. our company vision , Israel China Technologies Ltd. is By the projects we set up together. | Eyes on Europe & Middle East", "China-Israel economic, tech cooperation to enter new stage: Israeli minister", "Through Trade and Tourism, China Turns Its Attention to Israel", "China And Israel: A Perfect Match, Growing Steady", "Netanyahu: Israel has strong relationships with China, India", "The uncertain future of China-Israel relations", "Does China Not Need Israeli Technology Anymore? Tussle Jan 11, 2022 security implications of Chinese investment in Israeli technology has! Delicate balance and infrastructure several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, former... Initiatives that are considered beijing accounts for roughly 10 to 15 percent of,! Of this publication online is prohibited ; linking directly to this pressure partially by establishing share... 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