856 0 obj <> endobj ", Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print. The failure of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the plight of some 200,000 refugees leaving Hungary in its aftermath constituted an embarrassment for the government of the U.S., which had provided moral support to regime opponents through Radio Free Europe, but then failed to aid the rebels during the revolution. The Moscow-based parties fared poorly while new parties came to power. Camp Kilmer, NJ: Special Services Branch, 1945. Scholars estimate that close to 3,000 Hungarians and 700 Red Army soldiers died in the fighting that finally ended on Nov. 11 with a Soviet declaration of victory. But, not wanting to assign motivations to others, I've gathered some notes here about the first-hand accounts of street fighters in Budapest, their experiences as emigrants, and the New Brunswick Hungarian community that many of them settled into. Negative number begins with: LC-L92, L922, L924, or L927. Army Reserve Regional Readiness Command. The symbolism of the fights against Tsarist Russia would become part of the mythology for the fight against the USSR. A comparison with Slovak perceptions of the Polish October An uprising in the Polish provence of Poznan in June of 1955 had also been an impetus to the Hungarians. Despite its inactive status, Camp Kilmer personnel still participated in humanitarian operations. http://www.bopsecrets.org, Bureaucratic Comix. A lock ( A locked padlock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Final report, 41st Military Government Company, "Operation Mercy", 13 Nov 1956--12 Mar 1957, Camp Kilmer, New Jersey. Once they passed their inspections, eligible adults received an I-25 identification card from INS and a social security card, and Department of Labor employees attempted to match their skills with jobs. Provide Feedback Form, Rutgers, The State University of THE 1956 HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION AND THE SOVIET BLOC COUNTRIES: REACTIONS AND REPERCUSSIONS. At first it looked as if the Soviet Union might allow for liberalization in Hungary, but on Nov. 4, a reported 1,000 Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest to put down the rebellion. In 2011, he donated his archives on the Hungarian Refugee Student Program to the Blinken OSA. ", Because there would be an attitude of "mild horror" (though we're not told who would be horrified) towards open intelligence operations, the CIA set up a cover - the Historical and Statistical Survey Team (HSS) which would interview the refugees. Community concerns were carefully weighed and considered, but the Commission did not find they rose to the level of Permanent. "Camp Kilmer" pamphlet. Special Collections at Rutgers holds photocopies of the Kossuth Ruttkay letters. In some cases, only thumbnail (small) images are available The United States received a first contingent itself in time for a Thanksgiving dinner at Camp Kilmer in New Jersey. This was an extraordinary achievement, considering that in some cases the students full academic records were not available from Hungary, and many of them had language or other initial handicaps. Meals were provided in the University Commons on meal tickets, and each person received a small weekly allowance. ", Laszlo Papp recalls his experience as a delegate to the Greater Budapest Workers' Assembly during the revolution, where the majority of members agreed on the goals of "national independence, Hungarian socialist structures instead of Communism, and democracy.". Yes, another surrogate exists. Also includes photographs of American hostess Mrs. Harry Lewis with Ildiko Rath. A second photo gallery specifically dedicated to honoring the tireless work of Gary Filerman and his colleagues in Camp Kilmer, NJ has also been published. The purpose of the center was to help identify and place refugees with advanced scientific or other professional training. For assistance, see our. Keywords: Camp Kilmer, 1956, refugees, Austria, Switzerland, Israel, Tracy Voorhees PHOENIX A church in Mesa is once again welcoming migrants released by immigration officials. No, another surrogate does not exist. Record Group 336, Records of the Office of the Chief of Transportation, Teaching With Documents -- The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945), Guide to Record Group 336, Records of the Office of the Chief of Transportation holdings at the National Archives, National Archives Experience: Digital Vaults. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his administration, including the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), moved swiftly in response. But then, upon seeing the students gathering en masse in several parts of the city anyway, they decided to "give permission" again, since it was clear they couldn't stop it. can be assessed. Writers were hired to work for "Sazbad Nep," a newspaper that was controlled by the Russians. Knowing the challenges refugees face, RRP provides benefits and services to assist refugees as they adjust to life in the U.S. Local nonprofit Refugee Resettlement Agencies (RAs . 865 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<1B09F8467B9992921EDF39DE936BBDB6><5E27710BBBE0D0459A1B6C514CFBDC27>]/Index[856 22]/Info 855 0 R/Length 63/Prev 280863/Root 857 0 R/Size 878/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 0 As Russia centrally controlled the Hungarian government via the Communist Party, so also Communist Party chapters around the world reported back to the authority of the Comintern, falling into line with the orders from Moscow rather than making decisions independently. The Armed Forces Reserve Centers will have the capability to accommodate these units if the state Publication may be restricted. The concentration camp scenes for the 1964 movie The Pawnbroker were filmed in the section of Camp Kilmer which had been used for the movement of prisoners-of-war. Click, The Open Society Archives: Central European University, The Comintern, Situationists, and 'State Capitalism', The CIA and the Professor: Some Loose Threads. Grove, PA, and relocate Co A/228th Aviation to Fort Dix consolidates Army aviation assets in one location. affected units. The Petfi Circle had named itself after Hungarian poet Sandor Petf, who had become iconic in the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. Email:See Contact, Hours: Monday-Friday 9-5 (semester) But the Russian-backed Communist Party, which lost these elections, used other means to maneuver for power - first interfering with the winning Independent Smallholders' Party's ability to form a government, then forming a 'coalition government' in which it controlled key posts like the Ministry of the Interior, and then establishing solid military control in 1948. In 1958, Camp Kilmer became the home of the Reserve US 2nd Army Corps Headquarters. endstream endobj 860 0 obj <>stream About | This recommendation considered feasible locations within the demographic and geographic areas of the closing facilities and Army Quartermaster troops prepared the camp to house, feed, and even entertain the migrants with TV and amateur theatricals. images.). team of functional experts from Headquarters, Department of the Army, the Office of the State Adjutant General, and the They are also Many went to refugee camps in Austria and West Germany. In Budapest, a set of Sixteen Points were agreed upon and advanced as a set of revolutionary demands. Rutgers is an equal access/equal opportunity institution. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Because the installation was an Army camp, the Army was charged with the initial responsibility for coordinating the resettlement effort and providing all of the housekeeping services. Councils in industrial towns and peasant groups in the farmlands made radio broadcasts and printed statements of their own demands, which were diverse and varied in range. The Hungarian Scholar program was launched by establishing an office on December 19 at the official refugee center at Camp Kilmer, New Brunswick, NJ (currently, Piscataway, NJ). If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another ( Nonprofit sponsors guided them out of the camp and into civilian life. "I had 'been had,' and by people I respected On the other hand, in view of the nature of [the interview project] and its unclassified status, the idea that the CIA was involved assumed a cloak and dagger staging closer to comic opera than to serious drama.". In 1963, almost all of the 1500 acres were sold or auctioned mostly to local universities and colleges. endstream endobj startxref would reduce costs and increase the net savings to the Department of Defense in the 6-year BRAC implementation period, The Situationists also wrote a longer essay,Preliminaries on Councils, specifically exploring the internal organization of people's revolts in Eastern Europe against Russia- often using obtuse language that translates rather clumsily from the French - and a comic satirizing the 'pseudo-revolutionary' nature of Communist groups around Europe. In the late 1970s, Filerman was among the founders of the American Refugee Committee, an international non-profit and non-sectarian relief organization, and served on its board for many years. Individuals with disabilities are Iglesias Cristiana El Buen Pastor, which in English means the Good Pastor Christian Church, has . negatives are particularly subject to damage. The realignment of Pitt USARC, Coraopolis, PA, by the In 1958, Congress passed a law that allowed Hungarian parolees to become legal permanent residents. Camp Kilmer dominates the story of flight from Hungary in 1956-1957 for many Hungarian Americans who experienced the Revolution, and with good reason: roughly four-fifths of them came through the camp, and their subsequent integration into American life was largely successful. Camp Kilmer Hungarian Refugees Lists . @ "f Located in Piscataway Township, New Jersey and Edison Township, New Jersey at 403100N 742645W / 40.51667N 74.44583W / 40.51667; -74.44583, the closest city was New Brunswick located two miles to the south. Report of the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary. Interested in his story, I asked the Rutgers sociology department if they could help me contact him - but they couldn't - so I looked up Jay Schulman, the other professor who had been doing the same work. As a preservation measure, we generally do not serve an From its opening in 1942 through the end of the War, Camp Kilmer handled over 2,500,000 troops heading to and from the battlefields. Camp Kilmer also housed a maintenance and repair facility supporting the Nike/Hercules missile sites in the greater New York metropolitan area. OR hire a freelance researcher to do further selection for you (a list of researchers is available at: OR check with libraries in your area to see if they hold. same day or in the future. But on November 4, the Soviet Union sent a new wave of troops into Budapest to crush the revolutionaries and reassert its own dictatorship. Cooks prepared meals heavy in caloriesup to 4,300 calories per day for each refugeedesigned to counteract food deprivation, and they stockpiled infant formula for the youngest escapees. Also, the full United Nations report of the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary is in pdf form here. few minutes. The Hungarian exploitation effort, American domestic style, will be a source of example and anecdote for some time to come. The language teaching faculty included three members of the Department of Romance Languages. The realignment of Fort Sheridan, IL, by relocating the 244th Aviation Brigade to Fort Dix coupled with the Department of the Navy recommendation to close NAS Willow In France and Great Britain, organizations split or expelled people for differing from the Party line. Immediate clothing needs were handled right after arrival, and later the Womens League of Rutgers also rushed to help with a private collection of clothing. The facility covered over 1,500 acres and consisted of 1,120 buildings, including rows of wooden barracks, seven chapels, five theaters, nine post exchanges, a gym, three libraries, four telephone centers, a post office, a 1,000-bed hospital, 28 miles of roadway, and about 11 railheads that fed into the main line. Military authorities chose the recently retired Army base near the main campus of Rutgers University because it was unoccupied yet in good condition and not far from air and sea arrival points for the refugees. Voorhees later wrote that there were about 50 refugees who were declared. Did you like this story? The crushing of the Budapest councils was a major point of rupture. Alternatively, you can purchase a copy through Library of Congress Duplication Services by citing the identifying information under the image (e.g.. OR view materials in the Prints & Photographs Reading Room. Stephenson went on to have a long career at Rutgers. Central Intelligence Agency. Alternative Title: Military Government report, Operation Mercy (resettlement of Hungarian refugees). ", "On the one hand, I felt offended and resentful," said Stephenson. Around October 23, the anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, I cant help feeling proud to remember how Rutgers stepped up and helped a small group of Hungarian scholars and graduate students. 59 Dudley Road Strikes and sit-downs in factories in Hungary and Poland had inspired one another throughout 1955. The Livingston College campus currently sits on 540-acres acquired by Rutgers in 1964. Lengyel had been a political prisoner before 1956, and said that many of his fellow prisoners were Communist Party members jailed for defying party lines, people who had joined "out of a belief in ideals but found it a dead end. No corporation and industry representatives were allowed to conduct similar interviews at Camp Kilmer. reduce Regional Readiness Commands from ten to four. Employees kept pace with the rapid entry of Hungarians and balanced the need for efficiency with security. The sponsor, the Rockefeller Foundation, emphasized that the purpose was to assist in preserving and developing brain capacity, instead of just providing relief and resettlement opportunities for refugees who happened to be students. Tracy Stebbins Voorhees (1890-1974) was descended on his father's side from a distinguished New Jersey family of Dutch origin. Until the Committee was terminated after submitting its final report on May 14, 1957, it helped over 30,000 Hungarian refugees to resettle in the United States. At the same time, the Academy actively searched for positions by posting a request in. Tracy D. Voorhees served as the Presidents personal representative as Chairman of the Committee in 1956 and 1957. Gift; Cowles Communications, Inc.; December 13, 1971. First-hand accounts of fighters note that "political parties were organized within a few days," and their groundbreaking new publications expressed a "bewildering variety of opinions." Clue that a LOOK Magazine Photograph Collection image is affected is: with disabilities are encouraged to direct suggestions, comments, or complaints concerning any The 30,000 registration cards of refugees processed at Camp Kilmer in 1956-57 are here, and 97 original letters written by Louise Kossuth Ruttkay, the sister of Lajos Kossuth, to Eliza Elvira Kenyon between 1875 and 1897. [See Also: THE NKOSZ LEGEND], Jewish people tended to be more sympathetic than the average Hungarian to the Communist Party, because it helped them to acheive more equal social status. SLOVAKIA AND THE 1956 HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION. It is part of the anthology "The CIA on Campus: Essays on Academic Freedom and the National Security State.". })(); Arrival of first Hungarian Refugees at Camp Kilmer, NJ. This second interview was conducted by a volunteer American expert from the refugees field from a pool of more than 30 professional members of universities located close to Camp Kilmer, such as Princeton, MIT, Columbia, Johns Hopkins. Look magazine photograph collection (Library of Congress), https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016713781/, (http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/074_look.html), https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/rights.html, http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/074_look.html, http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/info/022_unpr.html, http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/resource/013_pic.html, Expect 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272. The United Nations echoed Austrias pleas, and over 20 member states responded, including the U.S. On Nov. 8, President Eisenhower declared that 5,000 Hungarians would be awarded visa numbers remaining under the 1953 Refugee Relief Act, and INS Commissioner Joseph M. Swing sent INS employees to Vienna to begin processing the refugees. , Inc. ; December 13, 1971 1848 Hungarian camp kilmer hungarian refugees lists and the National security State. `` will! Personal representative as Chairman of the center was to help identify and place refugees with scientific. 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