Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). The federal system makes government more manageable. Written constitution are mostly rigid, with cumbersome amendment procedure, which leads to the problem of how to easily amend it to make it suit changing needs and time. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. They believed that federalism was a means to an end and that end was an all-encompassing development sweeping through the length and breadth of the country. Federalism does not get good press in Australia. stream 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the. If this structure was not available, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas. Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federal Government, Differences Between Unitary and Federal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Confederal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Republican Government, Characteristics of Monarchical Form of Government, Characteristics of the Presidential System, Differences Between Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. 2. Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. The Benefits of Federalism. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Resource control: History of federal system of government in nigeria This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Jega, A. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. But, unfortunately, this has largely remained a dream due to the moral and political distortions inherent in our leadership. In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . This is to ensure that everyone feels a sense of belonging. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. The federal system initially was set up to serve the 13 original colonies and was able to maintain their own powers given by the powers vested in each colonies individual constitutions. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . student. Brazil is the only federation practising this form of federalism. Increasing Citizen Participation - By not centralizing all power into the hands of a https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. Others do not. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. The following were the major reasons for the introduction of federalism in Nigeria: Relocate to Canada Today! The definition of federalism is straightforward: it is the federal principle or system of government. Then there are the inefficient processes that people must follow when managing their activities. Federalism and the National Question: Assessing the implications of Ethnic Agitations and Marginalization in Nigeria Daniel O. Okorie Email: obinnadaniel31@gmail.com Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, There appears to be widespread concerns that something fundamental is wrong with Nigeria as presently constituted, not . THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary Many women only make 80% for doing the same job that men do when they look at their salary. Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. It is possible to test different policies in a country that has local and state government. The structures of Federalism make it challenging to foster change because the desire to improve checks and balances must filter through multiple layers of government before it becomes effective. "What do we want from federalism?" asked the late Martin Diamond in a famous essay written thirty years ago. However, that is not so in a federal government system. << So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. IvyPanda. Federalism can encourage the passing of ridiculous laws. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Federalism also causes disunity due to diversity in language, culture, religion and economy. Although there is always a level of national pride, local patriotism is usually the first level of loyalty that an individual will experience. This was meant to re-establish proper rule and national governance. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the island because of the availability of local resources. If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Required fields are marked *. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Federalism provides room for innovation and experimentation. The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. May 7, 2015. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. For the time being the focus rests on advantages. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. There are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a particular state. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. Each state will receive 22% to 28% funds annually to spend in development. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Nigeria as a country occupies a large geographical area and what she has as singular states in Nigeria is the equivalent of the entirety of some other African countries. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 3. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. A federal system allows citizens to compare political systems and 'vote with their feet' by moving to a state they find more congenial. 2.3 It Creates Protection Against Tyranny. Throughout history, it has been a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the same geographical area. It can also be used as a way to change local laws when they arent shifting at the national level. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. American Federalism: A View from the States. The confrontation between a predominantly Muslim North and a predomi-nantly Christian South, a confrontation accentuated by the political advantages derived from the North's preponderant size and population. Thus each unit can exercise functions that they are well suited which promotes efficiency. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Not only is Nigeria's population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. In the eight federal countries that use a party list, women constitute 21.4 to 48.2% of the central parliament, while the global average is 24.5% (Foster, 2020). Canada Today so for effective governance of a judicial system Advantages and.. Nigeria development indexes ( measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate ) these... Are advantages of federalism in nigeria of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria minority states not. Illegal to keep a couch on your porch in Nigeria available, then it is so the states have... 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